# Preface

The (Para) Pathology Notes for myself and those who are interested in Pathology

## (Para) Pathology Notes

<https://zenodo.org/account/settings/github/repository/sbalci/ClinicoPathJamoviModule>

<https://osf.io/8drpq/>

This booklet will contain my notes on pathology and the tools I use for my research.

The notes may be used by medical school students, pathology residents or pathologists who have similar interests with me.

I plan to write many of the notes in English (but some may be Turkish or German as well.)

You may also comment on paragraphs on this page or make edit suggestions (fork) via GitHub.

*Serdar Balcı, MD, Pathologist*

[Follow @serdarbalci](https://twitter.com/serdarbalci)

[![contributions welcome](https://img.shields.io/badge/contributions-welcome-brightgreen.svg?style=flat)](https://github.com/sbalci/ParaPathology/issues) [![Say Thanks!](https://img.shields.io/badge/Say%20Thanks-!-1EAEDB.svg)](https://saythanks.io/to/sbalci)

<https://www.serdarbalci.com/p/cv-ozgecmis.html>

See [https://www.serdarbalci.com/](https://www.serdarbalci.com) for main web page,

[http://www.patolojinotlari.com/](http://www.patolojinotlari.com) for Turkish Lecture Notes & Social Media Based Notes,

<https://serdarbalci.gitbook.io/parapathology/> for parapathology collection,

<https://sbalci.github.io/MyRCodesForDataAnalysis/> for `R codes`,

<https://sbalci.github.io/pubmed/BibliographicStudies.html> for `Bibliographic Studies`.

I use <https://twitter.com/serdarbalci> frequently.

<https://leanpub.com/patolojiatlasi>


# Introduction

About Me

## About Me

Below are my web pages and social media accounts

[Patoloji Notları](https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/)

[Patoloji Notları - Geri Bildirim](https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/geri-bildirim)

[Patoloji Notları - Hakkımda](https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/hakkimda)

{% embed url="<https://sbalci.github.io/cv/SerdarBalciMDPathologist.html>" %}

{% embed url="<https://sites.google.com/view/drserdarbalci/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://sbalci.github.io/pubmed/BibliographicStudies.html>" %}

{% embed url="<https://drserdarbalci.wixsite.com/website>" %}

{% embed url="<https://goo.gl/forms/YjGZ5DHgtPlR1RnB3>" %}

{% embed url="<https://about.me/serdarbalci>" %}

{% embed url="<https://serdarbalci.netlify.com/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://sbalci.github.io/>" %}

{% embed url="<http://sbalci.gitbooks.io/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://serdarbalci.wordpress.com/cv/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://serdarbalci.wordpress.com/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.instagram.com/balciserdar/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/serdarbalcimd>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/serdarbalcimdpathologist/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/c/SERDARBALCIMD>" %}

{% embed url="<https://goo.gl/maps/er9WHy6EguG2>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.linkedin.com/in/serdar-balci-md-pathologist/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://disqus.com/by/serdarbalci/favorites/>" %}

{% embed url="<http://rpubs.com/sbalci>" %}

{% embed url="<https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4x15l9fUIsjMm01UTAyTkJvNm8/>" %}

{% embed url="<http://scholar.google.com/citations?user=q40DcqYAAAAJ>" %}

{% embed url="<http://www.researcherid.com/rid/B-6401-2011>" %}

{% embed url="<https://publons.com/researcher/467202/serdar-balci/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://profiles.impactstory.org/u/0000-0002-7852-3851/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/serdar.balci.1/bibliography/public/>" %}

{% embed url="<http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7852-3851>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Serdar_Balci>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.uri?authorId=22933834600>" %}

{% embed url="<https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/306241/overview>" %}

{% embed url="<https://academic.microsoft.com/profile/302g2i05-e15h-492i-ff3f-029i0g14j5j4/serdarbalci/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://europepmc.org/authors/0000-0002-7852-3851>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.lens.org/lens/scholar/search/results?collectionId=170675>" %}

{% embed url="<https://openknowledgemaps.org/map/cb13e14ef3ea4038280826bbaf87d9f1>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1003334177939427328>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1004444876531032064>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1064962163821944832>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1065299662175903750>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1109489581190250498>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1112429499432480769>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1112434948496154624>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1116750169779863552>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1127291998833119233>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1133097191386550273>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1140262183072403456>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1156651692949196800>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1156678529888727041>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1156961597333671936>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/ok_maps/status/1252577217542045696?s=21>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1269671183114526722>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/1284186187205312514>" %}


# Edit Here

https\://app.gitbook.com/

<https://app.gitbook.com/>


# Pathology Pages

Quick List For Pathology Pages

{% embed url="<https://www.pathologyoutlines.com>" %}
<https://www.pathologyoutlines.com/>
{% endembed %}

{% embed url="<https://hematogones.com>" %}
<https://hematogones.com/>
{% endembed %}

{% embed url="<http://kurtsnotes.net>" %}
<http://kurtsnotes.net/>
{% endembed %}


# Medical School Lectures

## [Patoloji Notları](http://www.google.com/url?q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.patolojinotlari.com\&sa=D\&sntz=1\&usg=AFQjCNFoF2fQ1y54Xo4W5_qSbwXcvRUqmw)

{% embed url="<https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/home>" %}

## &#x20;<a href="#h.p_eoh3qmkbm2sx" id="h.p_eoh3qmkbm2sx"></a>

#### [Evaluation of multidisciplinary strategies and traditional approaches in teaching pathology in medical students](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pin.12706)

{% embed url="<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/pin.12706>" %}

#### [***Sir William Osler 1849-1919: A Selection for Medical Students***](https://www.ams-inc.on.ca/resource/osler-book-download/)

{% embed url="<https://www.ams-inc.on.ca/resource/osler-book-download/>" %}

#### [Pathology in Irish medical education.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31439711)

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31439711>" %}


# About Pathology Lectures

## About Pathology Lectures

### About Pathology Lectures

Dersler ile ilgili genel bilgiler

Patoloji derslerinde hastalıklar değişik açılardan anlatılacaktır. Sizden beklenen bu değişik yönleri klinik derslerle de birleştirmenizdir.

* Epidemiyoloji
* Patogenez
* Morfoloji
* * Genetik
* Tedavi
* * Morfoloji ve patogenezin klinik ile korelasyonu
* Hastalığın süreci
* * Hastalığın değişik dönemleri ve ayırıcı tanıyla ilişkisi

Kaynaklar:

Aşağıda listesi verilen kitaplardan faydalanabilirsiniz.

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Robbins Temel Patoloji
4. BRS Pathology (Board Review Series)
5. Pathology Secrets
6. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e
7. Elsevier's Integrated Pathology
8. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology
9. Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology
10. Rapid Review Pathology
11. Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology
12. Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology
13. Wheater's Basic Pathology
14. Wheater's Basic Pathology: A Text, Atlas and Review of Histopathology
15. Wheater's Review of Histology & Basic Pathology
16. Rubin’s Pathology CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE
17. The Biology of Cancer Robert A. Weinberg

Dersler ile ilgili genel bilgiler

Patoloji derslerinde hastalıklar değişik açılardan anlatılacaktır. Sizden beklenen bu değişik yönleri klinik derslerle de birleştirmenizdir.

* Epidemiyoloji
* Patogenez
* Morfoloji
* * Genetik
* Tedavi
* * Morfoloji ve patogenezin klinik ile korelasyonu
* Hastalığın süreci
* * Hastalığın değişik dönemleri ve ayırıcı tanıyla ilişkisi

Kaynaklar:

Patoloji derslerini hazırlarken temel olarak Robbins’ten faydalanıyoruz.

Aşağıda listesi verilen kitaplardan faydalanabilirsiniz. Bunların hemen tümü kütüphanemizde mevcuttur:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Robbins Temel Patoloji
4. BRS Pathology (Board Review Series)
5. Pathology Secrets
6. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e
7. Elsevier's Integrated Pathology
8. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology
9. Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology
10. Rapid Review Pathology
11. Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology
12. Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology
13. Wheater's Basic Pathology
14. Wheater's Basic Pathology: A Text, Atlas and Review of Histopathology
15. Wheater's Review of Histology & Basic Pathology
16. Rubin’s Pathology CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE
17. The Biology of Cancer Robert A. Weinberg

Dersler ile ilgili genel bilgiler

Patoloji derslerinde hastalıklar değişik açılardan anlatılacaktır. Sizden beklenen bu değişik yönleri klinik derslerle de birleştirmenizdir.

* Epidemiyoloji
* Patogenez
* Morfoloji
* * Genetik
* Tedavi
* * Morfoloji ve patogenezin klinik ile korelasyonu
* Hastalığın süreci
* * Hastalığın değişik dönemleri ve ayırıcı tanıyla ilişkisi

Kaynaklar:

Patoloji derslerini hazırlarken temel olarak Robbins’ten faydalanıyoruz.

Aşağıda listesi verilen kitaplardan faydalanabilirsiniz. Bunların hemen tümü kütüphanemizde mevcuttur:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Robbins Temel Patoloji
4. BRS Pathology (Board Review Series)
5. Pathology Secrets
6. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e
7. Elsevier's Integrated Pathology
8. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology
9. Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology
10. Rapid Review Pathology
11. Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology
12. Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology
13. Wheater's Basic Pathology
14. Wheater's Basic Pathology: A Text, Atlas and Review of Histopathology
15. Wheater's Review of Histology & Basic Pathology
16. Rubin’s Pathology CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE
17. The Biology of Cancer Robert A. Weinberg

### List Of Lectures

[Dersler ile ilgili genel bilgiler](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_NOnKrDbGcY4wXpidE2OBXzi4s_uqUTm6GZ3bbZCr0M/pub)

[Laboratuvar dersleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RHSrxaVGStNSXbaiGIs88JOBmXtGnyeAsxiC2NOLxCE/pub)

Dönem 2 Komite 7 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

[Patolojiye Giriş](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IQYxAVqj5e8tQ4BFV9wb4SjKw562eQMdDDsiKJ4yLY4/pub)

[Patoloji Laboratuvarı: Nasıl çalışır?](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kgnJ-c_8Rq84BYg7zBmvJCvSdyM_qPwkudBEMobLOlI/pub)

[Hücre Patolojisi](https://docs.google.com/document/d/13-eHgXpVERd5o0iNmb04II3jJ5g5nPdc79FfUMCmmeg/pub)

[Hücre içi birikimler ve Hücre yaşlanması](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1R9anC_HQgeMrQqJtTnW2BMFziJ5MNUai9sCv1hG8T94/pub)

[Hücre ölümünün mekanizmaları, Apoptoz ve Otofaji](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qErUhlutNCxHjZCeyLjaINoPeOYa7xs_vnSjydAaAeE/pub)

Kronik inflamasyon

Yara iyileşmesi ve tamir

Genetik bozuklukların patolojisi

Lab: Hücre hasarı

Lab: Akut ve Kronik inflamasyon

Lab: Hemodinamik bozukluklar

Phase 2 Committee 7 Lectures, English Group

[Introduction to Pathology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vSXvR3rGZ5lzaYupXc4J0E73Fg63E2ObT_9X7U-0Rfs/pub)

[Pathology Laboratory: How it works?](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ewT_5USLhZozobrXR-Btt6TV5FHiNndG5tnd0Exhsrc/pub)

[Cellular Pathology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1T7frhH9mbM2dJWeh38qHvqcUmEtJ6hj0mISfXX7q2PU/pub)

[Intracellular Accumulations and Cellular Aging](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KTXcgBDKRsVf7sKmED3kgJM5jImIe-UgSLmUCIBImtE/pub)

[The Mechanisms of Cell Death, Apoptosis and Autophagy](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JUzuKbZes_zMLx17x2MuB-9s8cnN4roI-MDCA_gVsDw/pub)

[Chronic Inflammation](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Plu10XjB49yR325Hbe168l_i2AkuefxERQwsUg0ia_Y/pub)

Wound Healing and Repair

Embolism, Infarction and Shock

[Lab: Cellular Injury](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Q2uHvezqf8v7dfXDnbXNEHyx58s53yZK-hj7c9TlX3U/pub)

[Lab: Acute and Chronic Inflammation](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RP80oAIPQnhBaLBjxopLwe24FglM7flIHGS0kVTpqjU/pub)

[Lab: Hemodynamic Disorders](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kq0QQFIjwShQ98cFKDSadYNsFV7N1pQP87xYkkEQx0Q/pub)

Phase 3 Committee 1 Lectures, English Group

[Transmission and Dissemination of Microbes](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LauzvfCfQD9EHXSQjCnoR6IK1bfoIuWy2yrAHRBm_xQ/pub)

Pathology of Fungal and Parasitic Infections

Amyloidosis

[Lab: Infectious agents in tissues](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RMH1js_5DbU__Wu33rB3hDSv2-bgiFqLGFe0Gl6UB0A/pub)

Dönem 3 Komite 1 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Dokularda infeksiyöz ajanlar

Phase 3 Committee 2 Lectures, English Group

Nomenclature and Classification of Neoplasia

Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms

Hallmarks of Cancer-1

Hallmarks of Cancer-2, Metastasis

[Clinicopathological Features of Neoplasia and Epidemiology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1R8X7J2BRxG2tcnaSrABsZb_SsitWQYqy37AZHLJjJJk/pub)

Mesenchymal Tumors

Teratomas, biphasic tumors and tumors of unknown origin

Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-1

Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-2

Lab: Pathology of hematopoietic system and lymphomas-1

Lab: Pathology of hematopoietic system and lymphomas-2

Dönem 3 Komite 2 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Kanserin özellikleri-1

Kanserin özellikleri-2 ve Metastaz

Neoplazinin klinikopatolojik özellikleri ve epidemiyoloji

Lab: Genel tümör patolojisi-1

Lab: Genel tümör patolojisi-2

Lab: Hematolojik patoloji ve lenfomalar-1

Lab: Hematolojik patoloji ve lenfomalar-2

Phase 3 Committee 3 Lectures, English Group

Pathology of Atherosclerosis

Ischemic Heart Disease

Non-Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases

Valvular Hearth Diseases, Rheumatic Fever and Endocarditis

Cardiomyopathy, Pericardial diseases and Cardiac Tumors

Hearth Failure, Congenital Hearth Diseases and Arryhtmias

Chronic Interstitial Lung Diseases

Pulmonary Circulation Disorders

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Asthma

Atelectasis and Acute Lung Injury

Pulmonary Infections

Tuberculosis

Diseases and Tumors of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Diseases and Tumors of the Mediastinum and Pleura

Lung Tumors

Lab: Pathology of Heart and Vascular Diseases

Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-1

Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-2

Dönem 3 Komite 3 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Non-aterosklerotik damar hastalıkları

Lab: Kalp ve damar hastalıklarının patolojisi

Lab: Solunum sisteminin hastalıkları ve tümörleri-1

Lab: Solunum sisteminin hastalıkları ve tümörleri-2

Phase 3 Committee 4 Lectures, English Group

Lab: Pathology of Urinary System

Lab: Tumors of Urinary System and Testis

Lab: Gynecologic pathologies-1

Lab: Gynecologic pathologies-2

Dönem 3 Komite 4 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Üriner sistem patolojisi

Lab: Üriner sistem ve testis tümörleri

Lab: Jinekolojik patolojiler-1

Lab: Jinekolojik patolojiler-2

Phase 3 Committee 5 Lectures, English Group

Pathology of Oral Cavity and Esophagus

Pathology of the Stomach

Tumors of upper GI Tract

Tumors of Lower GI Tract

Malabsorption

Inflammatory Bowell Diseases

Pathology of the Small Intestines, Colon and appendix

Inflammatory, Toxic, Alcoholic and Metabolic Diseases of Liver

Viral and Autoimmune Hepatitis

Liver Cirrhosis and Neoplasms

Circulatory Disorders of Liver

Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract diseases

Diseases of Exocrine Pancreas

Hypophysis Diseases

Neoplasms of Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-1

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-2

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-3

Lab: Pathology of Liver and Pancreatobiliary System

Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-1

Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-2

Lab: Pathology of Breast

Dönem 3 Komite 5 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Üst GIS tümörleri

Alt GIS tümörleri

İnflamatuar barsak hastalıkları patoljisi

İnce barsak, Kalın barsak ve appendiks patolojisi

Karaciğerin iltihabi, toksik, alkolik ve metabolik hastalıkları

Viral ve Otoimmün hepatitler

Siroz ve Karaciğer Tümörleri

Karaciğerin sirkülatuar hastalıkları

Safra kesesi ve ekstrahepatik safra kanal hastalıkları

Pankreas hastalıkları ve tümörleri

Hipofiz hastalıkları

Endokrin pankreasın tümöral hastalıkları

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-1

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-2

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-3

Lab: Karaciğer ve pankreatobilier sistem patolojisi

Lab: Endokrin sistem patolojisi-1

Lab: Endokrin sistem patolojisi-2

Lab: Meme patolojisi

Phase 3 Committee 6 Lectures, English Group

Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

Traumatic Diseases of CNS

Infectious Diseases of CNS

Diseases of the Myelin and Metabolic and Toxic Disorders

Degenerative Diseases of CNS

CNS Tumors

Lab: Pathology of CNS

Dönem 3 Komite 6 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Santral sinir sistemi hasarı ve serebrovasküler hastalıklar

SSS’nin travmatik hastalıkları

SSS’nin enfeksiyöz hastalıkları

Demyelinizan, metabolik ve toksik hastalıklar

SSS Dejeneratif Hastalıkları

Santral sinir sistemi tümörleri

Lab: SSS patolojisi

Phase 3 Committee 7 Lectures, English Group

Lab: Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone

Dönem 3 Komite 7 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Yumuşak doku ve kemik tümörleri

Dersler için faydalanılabilecek kaynaklar:

**Kitaplar:**

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Robbins Temel Patoloji
4. BRS Pathology (Board Review Series)
5. Pathology Secrets
6. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e
7. Elsevier's Integrated Pathology
8. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology
9. Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology
10. Rapid Review Pathology
11. Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology
12. Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology
13. Wheater's Basic Pathology
14. Wheater's Basic Pathology: A Text, Atlas and Review of Histopathology
15. Wheater's Review of Histology & Basic Pathology
16. Rubin’s Pathology CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE
17. The Biology of Cancer Robert A. Weinberg

Web:

<http://www.pathguy.com/>

<http://www.webpathology.com/>

<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=pathologyandpathophysiology>

Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

<https://www.coursera.org/courses?categories=biology,medicine>

<https://www.edx.org/courses?subject=Medicine>

<https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses>

[Dersler ile ilgili genel bilgiler](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_NOnKrDbGcY4wXpidE2OBXzi4s_uqUTm6GZ3bbZCr0M/pub)

[Laboratuvar dersleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RHSrxaVGStNSXbaiGIs88JOBmXtGnyeAsxiC2NOLxCE/pub)

Dönem 2 Komite 7 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

[Patolojiye Giriş](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IQYxAVqj5e8tQ4BFV9wb4SjKw562eQMdDDsiKJ4yLY4/pub)

[Patoloji Laboratuvarı: Nasıl çalışır?](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kgnJ-c_8Rq84BYg7zBmvJCvSdyM_qPwkudBEMobLOlI/pub)

[Hücre Patolojisi](https://docs.google.com/document/d/13-eHgXpVERd5o0iNmb04II3jJ5g5nPdc79FfUMCmmeg/pub)

[Hücre içi birikimler ve Hücre yaşlanması](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1R9anC_HQgeMrQqJtTnW2BMFziJ5MNUai9sCv1hG8T94/pub)

[Hücre ölümünün mekanizmaları, Apoptoz ve Otofaji](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qErUhlutNCxHjZCeyLjaINoPeOYa7xs_vnSjydAaAeE/pub)

Kronik inflamasyon

Yara iyileşmesi ve tamir

Genetik bozuklukların patolojisi

Lab: Hücre hasarı

Lab: Akut ve Kronik inflamasyon

Lab: Hemodinamik bozukluklar

Phase 2 Committee 7 Lectures, English Group

[Introduction to Pathology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vSXvR3rGZ5lzaYupXc4J0E73Fg63E2ObT_9X7U-0Rfs/pub)

[Pathology Laboratory: How it works?](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ewT_5USLhZozobrXR-Btt6TV5FHiNndG5tnd0Exhsrc/pub)

[Cellular Pathology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1T7frhH9mbM2dJWeh38qHvqcUmEtJ6hj0mISfXX7q2PU/pub)

[Intracellular Accumulations and Cellular Aging](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KTXcgBDKRsVf7sKmED3kgJM5jImIe-UgSLmUCIBImtE/pub)

[The Mechanisms of Cell Death, Apoptosis and Autophagy](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JUzuKbZes_zMLx17x2MuB-9s8cnN4roI-MDCA_gVsDw/pub)

[Chronic Inflammation](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Plu10XjB49yR325Hbe168l_i2AkuefxERQwsUg0ia_Y/pub)

Wound Healing and Repair

Embolism, Infarction and Shock

[Lab: Cellular Injury](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Q2uHvezqf8v7dfXDnbXNEHyx58s53yZK-hj7c9TlX3U/pub)

[Lab: Acute and Chronic Inflammation](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RP80oAIPQnhBaLBjxopLwe24FglM7flIHGS0kVTpqjU/pub)

[Lab: Hemodynamic Disorders](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kq0QQFIjwShQ98cFKDSadYNsFV7N1pQP87xYkkEQx0Q/pub)

Phase 3 Committee 1 Lectures, English Group

[Transmission and Dissemination of Microbes](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LauzvfCfQD9EHXSQjCnoR6IK1bfoIuWy2yrAHRBm_xQ/pub)

Pathology of Fungal and Parasitic Infections

Amyloidosis

[Lab: Infectious agents in tissues](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RMH1js_5DbU__Wu33rB3hDSv2-bgiFqLGFe0Gl6UB0A/pub)

Dönem 3 Komite 1 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Dokularda infeksiyöz ajanlar

Phase 3 Committee 2 Lectures, English Group

Nomenclature and Classification of Neoplasia

Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms

Hallmarks of Cancer-1

Hallmarks of Cancer-2, Metastasis

[Clinicopathological Features of Neoplasia and Epidemiology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1R8X7J2BRxG2tcnaSrABsZb_SsitWQYqy37AZHLJjJJk/pub)

Mesenchymal Tumors

Teratomas, biphasic tumors and tumors of unknown origin

Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-1

Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-2

Lab: Pathology of hematopoietic system and lymphomas-1

Lab: Pathology of hematopoietic system and lymphomas-2

Dönem 3 Komite 2 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Kanserin özellikleri-1

Kanserin özellikleri-2 ve Metastaz

Neoplazinin klinikopatolojik özellikleri ve epidemiyoloji

Lab: Genel tümör patolojisi-1

Lab: Genel tümör patolojisi-2

Lab: Hematolojik patoloji ve lenfomalar-1

Lab: Hematolojik patoloji ve lenfomalar-2

Phase 3 Committee 3 Lectures, English Group

Pathology of Atherosclerosis

Ischemic Heart Disease

Non-Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases

Valvular Hearth Diseases, Rheumatic Fever and Endocarditis

Cardiomyopathy, Pericardial diseases and Cardiac Tumors

Hearth Failure, Congenital Hearth Diseases and Arryhtmias

Chronic Interstitial Lung Diseases

Pulmonary Circulation Disorders

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Asthma

Atelectasis and Acute Lung Injury

Pulmonary Infections

Tuberculosis

Diseases and Tumors of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Diseases and Tumors of the Mediastinum and Pleura

Lung Tumors

Lab: Pathology of Heart and Vascular Diseases

Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-1

Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-2

Dönem 3 Komite 3 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Non-aterosklerotik damar hastalıkları

Lab: Kalp ve damar hastalıklarının patolojisi

Lab: Solunum sisteminin hastalıkları ve tümörleri-1

Lab: Solunum sisteminin hastalıkları ve tümörleri-2

Phase 3 Committee 4 Lectures, English Group

Lab: Pathology of Urinary System

Lab: Tumors of Urinary System and Testis

Lab: Gynecologic pathologies-1

Lab: Gynecologic pathologies-2

Dönem 3 Komite 4 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Üriner sistem patolojisi

Lab: Üriner sistem ve testis tümörleri

Lab: Jinekolojik patolojiler-1

Lab: Jinekolojik patolojiler-2

Phase 3 Committee 5 Lectures, English Group

Pathology of Oral Cavity and Esophagus

Pathology of the Stomach

Tumors of upper GI Tract

Tumors of Lower GI Tract

Malabsorption

Inflammatory Bowell Diseases

Pathology of the Small Intestines, Colon and appendix

Inflammatory, Toxic, Alcoholic and Metabolic Diseases of Liver

Viral and Autoimmune Hepatitis

Liver Cirrhosis and Neoplasms

Circulatory Disorders of Liver

Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract diseases

Diseases of Exocrine Pancreas

Hypophysis Diseases

Neoplasms of Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-1

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-2

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-3

Lab: Pathology of Liver and Pancreatobiliary System

Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-1

Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-2

Lab: Pathology of Breast

Dönem 3 Komite 5 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Üst GIS tümörleri

Alt GIS tümörleri

İnflamatuar barsak hastalıkları patoljisi

İnce barsak, Kalın barsak ve appendiks patolojisi

Karaciğerin iltihabi, toksik, alkolik ve metabolik hastalıkları

Viral ve Otoimmün hepatitler

Siroz ve Karaciğer Tümörleri

Karaciğerin sirkülatuar hastalıkları

Safra kesesi ve ekstrahepatik safra kanal hastalıkları

Pankreas hastalıkları ve tümörleri

Hipofiz hastalıkları

Endokrin pankreasın tümöral hastalıkları

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-1

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-2

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-3

Lab: Karaciğer ve pankreatobilier sistem patolojisi

Lab: Endokrin sistem patolojisi-1

Lab: Endokrin sistem patolojisi-2

Lab: Meme patolojisi

Phase 3 Committee 6 Lectures, English Group

Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

Traumatic Diseases of CNS

Infectious Diseases of CNS

Diseases of the Myelin and Metabolic and Toxic Disorders

Degenerative Diseases of CNS

CNS Tumors

Lab: Pathology of CNS

Dönem 3 Komite 6 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Santral sinir sistemi hasarı ve serebrovasküler hastalıklar

SSS’nin travmatik hastalıkları

SSS’nin enfeksiyöz hastalıkları

Demyelinizan, metabolik ve toksik hastalıklar

SSS Dejeneratif Hastalıkları

Santral sinir sistemi tümörleri

Lab: SSS patolojisi

Phase 3 Committee 7 Lectures, English Group

Lab: Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone

Dönem 3 Komite 7 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Yumuşak doku ve kemik tümörleri

Dersler için faydalanılabilecek kaynaklar:

**Kitaplar:**

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Robbins Temel Patoloji
4. BRS Pathology (Board Review Series)
5. Pathology Secrets
6. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e
7. Elsevier's Integrated Pathology
8. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology
9. Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology
10. Rapid Review Pathology
11. Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology
12. Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology
13. Wheater's Basic Pathology
14. Wheater's Basic Pathology: A Text, Atlas and Review of Histopathology
15. Wheater's Review of Histology & Basic Pathology
16. Rubin’s Pathology CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE
17. The Biology of Cancer Robert A. Weinberg

Web:

<http://www.pathguy.com/>

<http://www.webpathology.com/>

<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=pathologyandpathophysiology>

Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

<https://www.coursera.org/courses?categories=biology,medicine>

<https://www.edx.org/courses?subject=Medicine>

<https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses>

[Dersler ile ilgili genel bilgiler](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1_NOnKrDbGcY4wXpidE2OBXzi4s_uqUTm6GZ3bbZCr0M/pub)

[Laboratuvar dersleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RHSrxaVGStNSXbaiGIs88JOBmXtGnyeAsxiC2NOLxCE/pub)

Dönem 2 Komite 7 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

[Patolojiye Giriş](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IQYxAVqj5e8tQ4BFV9wb4SjKw562eQMdDDsiKJ4yLY4/pub)

[Patoloji Laboratuvarı: Nasıl çalışır?](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kgnJ-c_8Rq84BYg7zBmvJCvSdyM_qPwkudBEMobLOlI/pub)

[Hücre Patolojisi](https://docs.google.com/document/d/13-eHgXpVERd5o0iNmb04II3jJ5g5nPdc79FfUMCmmeg/pub)

[Hücre içi birikimler ve Hücre yaşlanması](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1R9anC_HQgeMrQqJtTnW2BMFziJ5MNUai9sCv1hG8T94/pub)

[Hücre ölümünün mekanizmaları, Apoptoz ve Otofaji](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1qErUhlutNCxHjZCeyLjaINoPeOYa7xs_vnSjydAaAeE/pub)

Kronik inflamasyon

Yara iyileşmesi ve tamir

Genetik bozuklukların patolojisi

Lab: Hücre hasarı

Lab: Akut ve Kronik inflamasyon

Lab: Hemodinamik bozukluklar

Phase 2 Committee 7 Lectures, English Group

[Introduction to Pathology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1vSXvR3rGZ5lzaYupXc4J0E73Fg63E2ObT_9X7U-0Rfs/pub)

[Pathology Laboratory: How it works?](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1ewT_5USLhZozobrXR-Btt6TV5FHiNndG5tnd0Exhsrc/pub)

[Cellular Pathology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1T7frhH9mbM2dJWeh38qHvqcUmEtJ6hj0mISfXX7q2PU/pub)

[Intracellular Accumulations and Cellular Aging](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KTXcgBDKRsVf7sKmED3kgJM5jImIe-UgSLmUCIBImtE/pub)

[The Mechanisms of Cell Death, Apoptosis and Autophagy](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1JUzuKbZes_zMLx17x2MuB-9s8cnN4roI-MDCA_gVsDw/pub)

[Chronic Inflammation](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Plu10XjB49yR325Hbe168l_i2AkuefxERQwsUg0ia_Y/pub)

Wound Healing and Repair

Embolism, Infarction and Shock

[Lab: Cellular Injury](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Q2uHvezqf8v7dfXDnbXNEHyx58s53yZK-hj7c9TlX3U/pub)

[Lab: Acute and Chronic Inflammation](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RP80oAIPQnhBaLBjxopLwe24FglM7flIHGS0kVTpqjU/pub)

[Lab: Hemodynamic Disorders](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Kq0QQFIjwShQ98cFKDSadYNsFV7N1pQP87xYkkEQx0Q/pub)

Phase 3 Committee 1 Lectures, English Group

[Transmission and Dissemination of Microbes](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1LauzvfCfQD9EHXSQjCnoR6IK1bfoIuWy2yrAHRBm_xQ/pub)

Pathology of Fungal and Parasitic Infections

Amyloidosis

[Lab: Infectious agents in tissues](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RMH1js_5DbU__Wu33rB3hDSv2-bgiFqLGFe0Gl6UB0A/pub)

Dönem 3 Komite 1 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Dokularda infeksiyöz ajanlar

Phase 3 Committee 2 Lectures, English Group

Nomenclature and Classification of Neoplasia

Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Neoplasms

Hallmarks of Cancer-1

Hallmarks of Cancer-2, Metastasis

[Clinicopathological Features of Neoplasia and Epidemiology](https://docs.google.com/document/d/1R8X7J2BRxG2tcnaSrABsZb_SsitWQYqy37AZHLJjJJk/pub)

Mesenchymal Tumors

Teratomas, biphasic tumors and tumors of unknown origin

Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-1

Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-2

Lab: Pathology of hematopoietic system and lymphomas-1

Lab: Pathology of hematopoietic system and lymphomas-2

Dönem 3 Komite 2 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Kanserin özellikleri-1

Kanserin özellikleri-2 ve Metastaz

Neoplazinin klinikopatolojik özellikleri ve epidemiyoloji

Lab: Genel tümör patolojisi-1

Lab: Genel tümör patolojisi-2

Lab: Hematolojik patoloji ve lenfomalar-1

Lab: Hematolojik patoloji ve lenfomalar-2

Phase 3 Committee 3 Lectures, English Group

Pathology of Atherosclerosis

Ischemic Heart Disease

Non-Atherosclerotic Vascular Diseases

Valvular Hearth Diseases, Rheumatic Fever and Endocarditis

Cardiomyopathy, Pericardial diseases and Cardiac Tumors

Hearth Failure, Congenital Hearth Diseases and Arryhtmias

Chronic Interstitial Lung Diseases

Pulmonary Circulation Disorders

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases

Asthma

Atelectasis and Acute Lung Injury

Pulmonary Infections

Tuberculosis

Diseases and Tumors of the Upper Respiratory Tract

Diseases and Tumors of the Mediastinum and Pleura

Lung Tumors

Lab: Pathology of Heart and Vascular Diseases

Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-1

Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-2

Dönem 3 Komite 3 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Non-aterosklerotik damar hastalıkları

Lab: Kalp ve damar hastalıklarının patolojisi

Lab: Solunum sisteminin hastalıkları ve tümörleri-1

Lab: Solunum sisteminin hastalıkları ve tümörleri-2

Phase 3 Committee 4 Lectures, English Group

Lab: Pathology of Urinary System

Lab: Tumors of Urinary System and Testis

Lab: Gynecologic pathologies-1

Lab: Gynecologic pathologies-2

Dönem 3 Komite 4 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Üriner sistem patolojisi

Lab: Üriner sistem ve testis tümörleri

Lab: Jinekolojik patolojiler-1

Lab: Jinekolojik patolojiler-2

Phase 3 Committee 5 Lectures, English Group

Pathology of Oral Cavity and Esophagus

Pathology of the Stomach

Tumors of upper GI Tract

Tumors of Lower GI Tract

Malabsorption

Inflammatory Bowell Diseases

Pathology of the Small Intestines, Colon and appendix

Inflammatory, Toxic, Alcoholic and Metabolic Diseases of Liver

Viral and Autoimmune Hepatitis

Liver Cirrhosis and Neoplasms

Circulatory Disorders of Liver

Gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract diseases

Diseases of Exocrine Pancreas

Hypophysis Diseases

Neoplasms of Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-1

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-2

Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-3

Lab: Pathology of Liver and Pancreatobiliary System

Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-1

Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-2

Lab: Pathology of Breast

Dönem 3 Komite 5 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Üst GIS tümörleri

Alt GIS tümörleri

İnflamatuar barsak hastalıkları patoljisi

İnce barsak, Kalın barsak ve appendiks patolojisi

Karaciğerin iltihabi, toksik, alkolik ve metabolik hastalıkları

Viral ve Otoimmün hepatitler

Siroz ve Karaciğer Tümörleri

Karaciğerin sirkülatuar hastalıkları

Safra kesesi ve ekstrahepatik safra kanal hastalıkları

Pankreas hastalıkları ve tümörleri

Hipofiz hastalıkları

Endokrin pankreasın tümöral hastalıkları

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-1

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-2

Lab: Gastrointestinal sistem patolojisi-3

Lab: Karaciğer ve pankreatobilier sistem patolojisi

Lab: Endokrin sistem patolojisi-1

Lab: Endokrin sistem patolojisi-2

Lab: Meme patolojisi

Phase 3 Committee 6 Lectures, English Group

Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

Traumatic Diseases of CNS

Infectious Diseases of CNS

Diseases of the Myelin and Metabolic and Toxic Disorders

Degenerative Diseases of CNS

CNS Tumors

Lab: Pathology of CNS

Dönem 3 Komite 6 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Santral sinir sistemi hasarı ve serebrovasküler hastalıklar

SSS’nin travmatik hastalıkları

SSS’nin enfeksiyöz hastalıkları

Demyelinizan, metabolik ve toksik hastalıklar

SSS Dejeneratif Hastalıkları

Santral sinir sistemi tümörleri

Lab: SSS patolojisi

Phase 3 Committee 7 Lectures, English Group

Lab: Tumors of Soft Tissue and Bone

Dönem 3 Komite 7 Dersleri, Türkçe Grup

Lab: Yumuşak doku ve kemik tümörleri

Dersler için faydalanılabilecek kaynaklar:

**Kitaplar:**

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Robbins Temel Patoloji
4. BRS Pathology (Board Review Series)
5. Pathology Secrets
6. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e
7. Elsevier's Integrated Pathology
8. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology
9. Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology
10. Rapid Review Pathology
11. Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology
12. Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology
13. Wheater's Basic Pathology
14. Wheater's Basic Pathology: A Text, Atlas and Review of Histopathology
15. Wheater's Review of Histology & Basic Pathology
16. Rubin’s Pathology CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE
17. The Biology of Cancer Robert A. Weinberg

Web:

<http://www.pathguy.com/>

<http://www.webpathology.com/>

<http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=pathologyandpathophysiology>

Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

<https://www.coursera.org/courses?categories=biology,medicine>

<https://www.edx.org/courses?subject=Medicine>

<https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses>

## Introduction to Pathology

{% embed url="<https://docs.google.com/document/d/e/2PACX-1vRCnvneV6pVgLKcWuz1RR0jOwKBt-UJ0WWqV1qZeJPRkMa5p_CO904y9OJ2YOlQ0wlgR1egLwiuOi1E/pub>" %}

{% embed url="<https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vRh1goqUxBLeEOuHJrvq7d1zBO8SYgw6xOuKOG-6b17b98FXYUN4u_nsFnJh_5_pExSF6vCbea_Zp66/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000>" %}

{% embed url="<https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vRh1goqUxBLeEOuHJrvq7d1zBO8SYgw6xOuKOG-6b17b98FXYUN4u_nsFnJh_5_pExSF6vCbea_Zp66/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000>" %}

[History of Pathology](https://twitter.com/i/moments/926341810091380736?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/i/moments/926341810091380736>" %}

[Pathogenesis](https://twitter.com/i/moments/924607067909951490?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)

Focal\
⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️🔴🔴⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️

Diffuse\
🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴🔴

Patchy\
⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️🔴🔴⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️🔴🔴⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️⚫️🔴🔴[#pathology](https://twitter.com/hashtag/pathology?src=hash\&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)— Sanjay Mukhopadhyay (@smlungpathguy) [July 19, 2018](https://twitter.com/smlungpathguy/status/1019805627592462336?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw)

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/smlungpathguy/status/1019805627592462336>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6z9_fjCuQtE>" %}

Required Prior Knowledge:That you will be having pathology lectures in this committee and throughout phase 3.

Aim of the Lecture:

To give the basic information about pathology, as a discipline, as a medical field, as a speciality, and as a lecture of medical school.

Goals of the lecture:

The students will get information about the lectures of pathology.

The students will have information about pathology discipline and its methods.

The students will have basic information about pathology as a medical field.

Lecture Outlines:

* What does pathology mean?
* The methods used in pathology
* Pathology tries to explain whys and wherefores
* Pathology is the bridge between basic medical sciences and clinics
* Contents of general pathology
* Contents of systemic pathology
* Type of diseases
* Etiology
* Pathogenesis
* Risk factor
* Pathology jargon
* Pathology and epidemiology
* Diagnostic pathology
* * Macroscopy
  * Microscopy
  * Cytology
  * Immunohistochemistry
* Who is a pathologist?
* * How can one become a pathologist in Turkey?
  * Are there different kind of pathologist in the world?
  * Are there any subspecialities?
* Pathology Lectures
* * How will this course go on?
  * How will you be graded?
  * How can I study pathology?
  * Methods to study pathology

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. [What is a pathologist?](http://www.pathreport.org/#!What-is-a-pathologist/cnza/128F7E6E-A908-41F6-B56E-5161D7D5A721)
4. [Patoloji nedir? Patologlar ne yapar?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXoRXXmH-pU)
5. [Pathology - Working Behind the Scenes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx_eL3AemAI)
6. [Rebecca F. Yorke (2000) Informed Evaluation of Pathology Residency Programs. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: June 2000, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 853-858.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0003-9985\(2000\)124%3C0853%3AIEOPRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2)
7. [Top 8 Things to Look for When Selecting a Pathology Residency Training Program](http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/pathology_residents/top_8_things.pdf)
8. [Patalojik Davet Doç.Dr.Münevver Yenerman, Ayrılış, 1959](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Munevver_Yenerman.pdf)
9. <http://www.ted.com/talks/manu_prakash_a_50_cent_microscope_that_folds_like_origami>

Last updated:01.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Introduction to Pathology

Required Prior Knowledge:That you will be having pathology lectures in this committee and throughout phase 3.

Aim of the Lecture:

To give the basic information about pathology, as a discipline, as a medical field, as a speciality, and as a lecture of medical school.

Goals of the lecture:

The students will get information about the lectures of pathology.

The students will have information about pathology discipline and its methods.

The students will have basic information about pathology as a medical field.

Lecture Outlines:

* What does pathology mean?
* The methods used in pathology
* Pathology tries to explain whys and wherefores
* Pathology is the bridge between basic medical sciences and clinics
* Contents of general pathology
* Contents of systemic pathology
* Type of diseases
* Etiology
* Pathogenesis
* Risk factor
* Pathology jargon
* Pathology and epidemiology
* Diagnostic pathology
* * Macroscopy
  * Microscopy
  * Cytology
  * Immunohistochemistry
* Who is a pathologist?
* * How can one become a pathologist in Turkey?
  * Are there different kind of pathologist in the world?
  * Are there any subspecialities?
* Pathology Lectures
* * How will this course go on?
  * How will you be graded?
  * How can I study pathology?
  * Methods to study pathology

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. [What is a pathologist?](http://www.pathreport.org/#!What-is-a-pathologist/cnza/128F7E6E-A908-41F6-B56E-5161D7D5A721)
4. [Patoloji nedir? Patologlar ne yapar?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXoRXXmH-pU)
5. [Pathology - Working Behind the Scenes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx_eL3AemAI)
6. [Rebecca F. Yorke (2000) Informed Evaluation of Pathology Residency Programs. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: June 2000, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 853-858.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0003-9985\(2000\)124%3C0853%3AIEOPRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2)
7. [Top 8 Things to Look for When Selecting a Pathology Residency Training Program](http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/pathology_residents/top_8_things.pdf)
8. [Patalojik Davet Doç.Dr.Münevver Yenerman, Ayrılış, 1959](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Munevver_Yenerman.pdf)
9. <http://www.ted.com/talks/manu_prakash_a_50_cent_microscope_that_folds_like_origami>

Last updated:01.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Introduction to Pathology

Required Prior Knowledge:That you will be having pathology lectures in this committee and throughout phase 3.

Aim of the Lecture:

To give the basic information about pathology, as a discipline, as a medical field, as a speciality, and as a lecture of medical school.

Goals of the lecture:

The students will get information about the lectures of pathology.

The students will have information about pathology discipline and its methods.

The students will have basic information about pathology as a medical field.

Lecture Outlines:

* What does pathology mean?
* The methods used in pathology
* Pathology tries to explain whys and wherefores
* Pathology is the bridge between basic medical sciences and clinics
* Contents of general pathology
* Contents of systemic pathology
* Type of diseases
* Etiology
* Pathogenesis
* Risk factor
* Pathology jargon
* Pathology and epidemiology
* Diagnostic pathology
* * Macroscopy
  * Microscopy
  * Cytology
  * Immunohistochemistry
* Who is a pathologist?
* * How can one become a pathologist in Turkey?
  * Are there different kind of pathologist in the world?
  * Are there any subspecialities?
* Pathology Lectures
* * How will this course go on?
  * How will you be graded?
  * How can I study pathology?
  * Methods to study pathology

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. [What is a pathologist?](http://www.pathreport.org/#!What-is-a-pathologist/cnza/128F7E6E-A908-41F6-B56E-5161D7D5A721)
4. [Patoloji nedir? Patologlar ne yapar?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXoRXXmH-pU)
5. [Pathology - Working Behind the Scenes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx_eL3AemAI)
6. [Rebecca F. Yorke (2000) Informed Evaluation of Pathology Residency Programs. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: June 2000, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 853-858.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0003-9985\(2000\)124%3C0853%3AIEOPRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2)
7. [Top 8 Things to Look for When Selecting a Pathology Residency Training Program](http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/pathology_residents/top_8_things.pdf)
8. [Patalojik Davet Doç.Dr.Münevver Yenerman, Ayrılış, 1959](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Munevver_Yenerman.pdf)
9. <http://www.ted.com/talks/manu_prakash_a_50_cent_microscope_that_folds_like_origami>

kullanırken dikkat edilmesi gerekenler

* Laboratuvar çalışmaları için kullandığımız[mikroskopun kullanım klavuzunu gözden geçirebilirsiniz](https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4x15l9fUIsjMDJlRkxwbE8wQzQ/view?usp=sharing)
* Cama önce dışarıdan bakın
* Bu örneğin iki boyutlu bir kesit olduğunu düşünerek bakın
* Kondansör ayarı, ışık ayarı
* Netlik
* Küçük büyütmeden başlayın
* Gerekirse alanları büyütüp inceleyin
* Robbins ya da bir textbook’un ilgili kısmı yanınızda olsun
* * Kitaplarda morfolojinin anlatıldığı kısımlar konuların yaklaşık %20-25’ini oluştumaktadır. Laboratuvar sırasında bu kısımları okumak ve morfolojik tariflerini öğrenmek için çok iyi bir fırsat
* Normal dokuları bulup normal alanları önce inceleyin, sonra iki alan arasındaki farkları bulun (iki resim arası farkı bulun gibi)
* Stres ve panik yapmayın
* * Patoloji preperatları farklı ve acayip görünebilir, ama sizden beklenen şeyler oldukça basittir
  * Soru sormaktan çekinmeyin, anlamadığınız herşeyi sorun
* Artefaktlar olabilir onlara takılmayın
* Arkadaşlardan öğrenmek iyi bir fikirdir
* * laboratuvar sırasında birbirinize soru sorup anladıklarınızı paylaşın
  * Ama bu sizi “ben anlamıyorum zaten” ile sonlanan öğrenilmiş çaresizliğe sürüklemesin
* Mikroskoptan fotoğraf çekmek isteyenler için:
* * [Annie S. Morrison and Jerad M. Gardner (2014) Smart Phone Microscopic Photography: A Novel Tool for Physicians and Trainees. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: August 2014, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 1002-1002. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED)
  * [Smart Phone Microscopic Photography](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfd9ViHBlR4)

Biyopsi örneğinde iki, üç boyut ve zaman

* Doku ve organlar aslında 3 boyutlu
* Bizim incelediğimiz preperatlar ise 2 boyutlu
* Hastalığın değişik dönemleri olduğunu (zaman boyutunu) da akılda tutmak lazım. Morfoloji ve patogenezin klinik ile korelasyonunu ancak bu şekilde sağlayabiliriz.

Laboratuvar sınavı nasıl olacak?

Laboratuvar sınavı için değişik yöntemler var.

* Genel olarak histoloji sınavlarınıza benzer olacak.

Laboratuvar dersleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler

Mikroskop kullanırken dikkat edilmesi gerekenler

* Laboratuvar çalışmaları için kullandığımız[mikroskopun kullanım klavuzunu gözden geçirebilirsiniz](https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4x15l9fUIsjMDJlRkxwbE8wQzQ/view?usp=sharing)
* Cama önce dışarıdan bakın
* Bu örneğin iki boyutlu bir kesit olduğunu düşünerek bakın
* Kondansör ayarı, ışık ayarı
* Netlik
* Küçük büyütmeden başlayın
* Gerekirse alanları büyütüp inceleyin
* Robbins ya da bir textbook’un ilgili kısmı yanınızda olsun
* * Kitaplarda morfolojinin anlatıldığı kısımlar konuların yaklaşık %20-25’ini oluştumaktadır. Laboratuvar sırasında bu kısımları okumak ve morfolojik tariflerini öğrenmek için çok iyi bir fırsat
* Normal dokuları bulup normal alanları önce inceleyin, sonra iki alan arasındaki farkları bulun (iki resim arası farkı bulun gibi)
* Stres ve panik yapmayın
* * Patoloji preperatları farklı ve acayip görünebilir, ama sizden beklenen şeyler oldukça basittir
  * Soru sormaktan çekinmeyin, anlamadığınız herşeyi sorun
* Artefaktlar olabilir onlara takılmayın
* Arkadaşlardan öğrenmek iyi bir fikirdir
* * laboratuvar sırasında birbirinize soru sorup anladıklarınızı paylaşın
  * Ama bu sizi “ben anlamıyorum zaten” ile sonlanan öğrenilmiş çaresizliğe sürüklemesin
* Mikroskoptan fotoğraf çekmek isteyenler için:
* * [Annie S. Morrison and Jerad M. Gardner (2014) Smart Phone Microscopic Photography: A Novel Tool for Physicians and Trainees. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: August 2014, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 1002-1002. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED)
  * [Smart Phone Microscopic Photography](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfd9ViHBlR4)

Biyopsi örneğinde iki, üç boyut ve zaman

* Doku ve organlar aslında 3 boyutlu
* Bizim incelediğimiz preperatlar ise 2 boyutlu
* Hastalığın değişik dönemleri olduğunu (zaman boyutunu) da akılda tutmak lazım. Morfoloji ve patogenezin klinik ile korelasyonunu ancak bu şekilde sağlayabiliriz.

Laboratuvar sınavı nasıl olacak?

Laboratuvar sınavı için değişik yöntemler var.

* Genel olarak histoloji sınavlarınıza benzer olacak.

Laboratuvar dersleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler

Mikroskop kullanırken dikkat edilmesi gerekenler

* Laboratuvar çalışmaları için kullandığımız[mikroskopun kullanım klavuzunu gözden geçirebilirsiniz](https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4x15l9fUIsjMDJlRkxwbE8wQzQ/view?usp=sharing)
* Cama önce dışarıdan bakın
* Bu örneğin iki boyutlu bir kesit olduğunu düşünerek bakın
* Kondansör ayarı, ışık ayarı
* Netlik
* Küçük büyütmeden başlayın
* Gerekirse alanları büyütüp inceleyin
* Robbins ya da bir textbook’un ilgili kısmı yanınızda olsun
* * Kitaplarda morfolojinin anlatıldığı kısımlar konuların yaklaşık %20-25’ini oluştumaktadır. Laboratuvar sırasında bu kısımları okumak ve morfolojik tariflerini öğrenmek için çok iyi bir fırsat
* Normal dokuları bulup normal alanları önce inceleyin, sonra iki alan arasındaki farkları bulun (iki resim arası farkı bulun gibi)
* Stres ve panik yapmayın
* * Patoloji preperatları farklı ve acayip görünebilir, ama sizden beklenen şeyler oldukça basittir
  * Soru sormaktan çekinmeyin, anlamadığınız herşeyi sorun
* Artefaktlar olabilir onlara takılmayın
* Arkadaşlardan öğrenmek iyi bir fikirdir
* * laboratuvar sırasında birbirinize soru sorup anladıklarınızı paylaşın
  * Ama bu sizi “ben anlamıyorum zaten” ile sonlanan öğrenilmiş çaresizliğe sürüklemesin
* Mikroskoptan fotoğraf çekmek isteyenler için:
* * [Annie S. Morrison and Jerad M. Gardner (2014) Smart Phone Microscopic Photography: A Novel Tool for Physicians and Trainees. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: August 2014, Vol. 138, No. 8, pp. 1002-1002. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED)
  * [Smart Phone Microscopic Photography](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfd9ViHBlR4)

Biyopsi örneğinde iki, üç boyut ve zaman

* Doku ve organlar aslında 3 boyutlu
* Bizim incelediğimiz preperatlar ise 2 boyutlu
* Hastalığın değişik dönemleri olduğunu (zaman boyutunu) da akılda tutmak lazım. Morfoloji ve patogenezin klinik ile korelasyonunu ancak bu şekilde sağlayabiliriz.

Laboratuvar sınavı nasıl olacak?

Laboratuvar sınavı için değişik yöntemler var.

* Genel olarak histoloji sınavlarınıza benzer olacak.

## Laboratuvar dersleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler

Laboratuvar dersleri ile ilgili genel bilgiler

Mikroskop

## Medical School Lectures

Dersler ile ilgili genel bilgiler

Patoloji derslerinde hastalıklar değişik açılardan anlatılacaktır. Sizden beklenen bu değişik yönleri klinik derslerle de birleştirmenizdir.

* Epidemiyoloji
* Patogenez
* Morfoloji
* Genetik
* Tedavi
* Morfoloji ve patogenezin klinik ile korelasyonu
* Hastalığın süreci
* Hastalığın değişik dönemleri ve ayırıcı tanıyla ilişkisi

Kaynaklar:

Patoloji derslerini hazırlarken temel olarak Robbins’ten faydalanıyoruz.

Aşağıda listesi verilen kitaplardan faydalanabilirsiniz. Bunların hemen tümü kütüphanemizde mevcuttur:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Robbins Temel Patoloji
4. BRS Pathology (Board Review Series)
5. Pathology Secrets
6. Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 7e
7. Elsevier's Integrated Pathology
8. Histology and Cell Biology: An Introduction to Pathology
9. Netter's Illustrated Human Pathology
10. Rapid Review Pathology
11. Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology
12. Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology
13. Wheater's Basic Pathology
14. Wheater's Basic Pathology: A Text, Atlas and Review of Histopathology
15. Wheater's Review of Histology & Basic Pathology
16. Rubin’s Pathology CLINICOPATHOLOGIC FOUNDATIONS OF MEDICINE
17. The Biology of Cancer Robert A. Weinberg

## Patoloji Laboratuvarı Nasıl Çalışır

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Patoloji Laboratuvarı Nasıl Çalışır?

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:Histoloji laboratuvar derslerinde anlatılan histolojik teknikler

Dersin Amacı:Hastanelerde patoloji laboratuvarlarının nasıl çalıştığı hakkında temel bilgileri vermek

Dersin hedefleri:

Öğrenciler hastanelerdeki patoloji laboratuvarlarının nasıl çalıştığına dair temel bilgi edineceklerdir

Öğrenciler patologların hastanedeki görevleri ve yaptıkları konusunda temel bilgi edineceklerdir

Başlıklar:

* Spesmen (Örnek) Tipleri - Biyopsi
* * İğne biyopsisi, tru-cut biyopsi
  * İnsizyonel biyopsi
  * Eksizyonel biyopsi
  * Radikal eksizyon
* Spesmen Tipleri - Sitoloji
* * Eksfoliyatif sitoloji
  * Aspirasyon sitolojisi
* Patoloji laboratuvarında kayıt ve iş akışı
* Makroskopi
* * Spesmenlerin fotoğraflanması
  * Spesmen arşivi
  * Klavuzlara göre urgun örnek alma
* Doku takibi
* Parafin blok hazırlama (parafine gömme)
* Mikrotom
* H\&E
* Mikroskopi
* Otopsi
* Frozen işlemi
* Özel teknikler
* * Histokimya
  * Enzim histokimyası
  * İmmünohistokimya
  * İmmünfloresan
  * İn-situ hibridizasyon
* Moleküler teknikler
* Patoloji Arşivi
* * Parafin bloklar
  * Preparatlar
  * Basılı ve elektronik raporlar
* Patoloğun ürünü rapordur
* Klinisyenlerle ilişkiler ve iletişim
* Hastalarla ilişkiler ve iletişim
* Konsültasyonlar
* Telepatoloji
* Dijital patoloji ve Sanal preparatlar

Kaynaklar:

1. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/reference/myBiopsy/pathology_report.html>
2. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/ShowProperty?nodePath=/UCMCon/Contribution%20Folders/WebContent/pdf/how-to-read-pathology-report.pdf>
3. <http://rosaicollection.org/>

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Patoloji Laboratuvarı Nasıl Çalışır?

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:Histoloji laboratuvar derslerinde anlatılan histolojik teknikler

Dersin Amacı:Hastanelerde patoloji laboratuvarlarının nasıl çalıştığı hakkında temel bilgileri vermek

Dersin hedefleri:

Öğrenciler hastanelerdeki patoloji laboratuvarlarının nasıl çalıştığına dair temel bilgi edineceklerdir

Öğrenciler patologların hastanedeki görevleri ve yaptıkları konusunda temel bilgi edineceklerdir

Başlıklar:

* Spesmen (Örnek) Tipleri - Biyopsi
* * İğne biyopsisi, tru-cut biyopsi
  * İnsizyonel biyopsi
  * Eksizyonel biyopsi
  * Radikal eksizyon
* Spesmen Tipleri - Sitoloji
* * Eksfoliyatif sitoloji
  * Aspirasyon sitolojisi
* Patoloji laboratuvarında kayıt ve iş akışı
* Makroskopi
* * Spesmenlerin fotoğraflanması
  * Spesmen arşivi
  * Klavuzlara göre urgun örnek alma
* Doku takibi
* Parafin blok hazırlama (parafine gömme)
* Mikrotom
* H\&E
* Mikroskopi
* Otopsi
* Frozen işlemi
* Özel teknikler
* * Histokimya
  * Enzim histokimyası
  * İmmünohistokimya
  * İmmünfloresan
  * İn-situ hibridizasyon
* Moleküler teknikler
* Patoloji Arşivi
* * Parafin bloklar
  * Preparatlar
  * Basılı ve elektronik raporlar
* Patoloğun ürünü rapordur
* Klinisyenlerle ilişkiler ve iletişim
* Hastalarla ilişkiler ve iletişim
* Konsültasyonlar
* Telepatoloji
* Dijital patoloji ve Sanal preparatlar

Kaynaklar:

1. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/reference/myBiopsy/pathology_report.html>
2. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/ShowProperty?nodePath=/UCMCon/Contribution%20Folders/WebContent/pdf/how-to-read-pathology-report.pdf>
3. <http://rosaicollection.org/>

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Patoloji Laboratuvarı Nasıl Çalışır?

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:Histoloji laboratuvar derslerinde anlatılan histolojik teknikler

Dersin Amacı:Hastanelerde patoloji laboratuvarlarının nasıl çalıştığı hakkında temel bilgileri vermek

Dersin hedefleri:

Öğrenciler hastanelerdeki patoloji laboratuvarlarının nasıl çalıştığına dair temel bilgi edineceklerdir

Öğrenciler patologların hastanedeki görevleri ve yaptıkları konusunda temel bilgi edineceklerdir

Başlıklar:

* Spesmen (Örnek) Tipleri - Biyopsi
* * İğne biyopsisi, tru-cut biyopsi
  * İnsizyonel biyopsi
  * Eksizyonel biyopsi
  * Radikal eksizyon
* Spesmen Tipleri - Sitoloji
* * Eksfoliyatif sitoloji
  * Aspirasyon sitolojisi
* Patoloji laboratuvarında kayıt ve iş akışı
* Makroskopi
* * Spesmenlerin fotoğraflanması
  * Spesmen arşivi
  * Klavuzlara göre urgun örnek alma
* Doku takibi
* Parafin blok hazırlama (parafine gömme)
* Mikrotom
* H\&E
* Mikroskopi
* Otopsi
* Frozen işlemi
* Özel teknikler
* * Histokimya
  * Enzim histokimyası
  * İmmünohistokimya
  * İmmünfloresan
  * İn-situ hibridizasyon
* Moleküler teknikler
* Patoloji Arşivi
* * Parafin bloklar
  * Preparatlar
  * Basılı ve elektronik raporlar
* Patoloğun ürünü rapordur
* Klinisyenlerle ilişkiler ve iletişim
* Hastalarla ilişkiler ve iletişim
* Konsültasyonlar
* Telepatoloji
* Dijital patoloji ve Sanal preparatlar

Kaynaklar:

1. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/reference/myBiopsy/pathology_report.html>
2. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/ShowProperty?nodePath=/UCMCon/Contribution%20Folders/WebContent/pdf/how-to-read-pathology-report.pdf>
3. <http://rosaicollection.org/>

## Patoloji'ye Giriş

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Patoloji’ye Giriş

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:Bu komite ve gelecek yıl boyunca göreceğiniz zorunlu bir ders olduğunu bilmeniz yeterli.

Dersin Amacı:

Bir disiplin, tıp bilimi, uzmanlık ve tıp fakültesi dersi olarak patoloji hakkında genel bilgi vermek

Dersin hedefleri:

Öğrenciler patoloji derslerinin nasıl yapılacağı konusunda bilgi edineceklerdir.

Öğrenciler patoloji disiplini ve kullanılan metodlar hakkında bilgi edineceklerdir.

Öğrenciler bir tıp bilimi olarak patoloji hakkında temel bilgi edineceklerdir.

Başlıklar:

* Patoloji ne demektir?
* Patolojide kullanılan metodlar
* Patoloji nedeni, nasılı açıklamaya çalışır
* Patoloji temel tıp bilimleri ve klinik arasındaki köprüdür
* Genel patolojinin konuları
* Sistemik patolojinin konuları
* Hastalık türleri
* Etioloji
* Patogenez
* Risk faktörü
* Patoloji terminolojisi (jargonu)
* Patoloji ve epidemioloji
* Tanısal patoloji
* * Makroskopi
  * Mikroskopi
  * Sitoloji
  * İmmünohistokimya
* Patolog kimdir?
* * Türkiye’de nasıl patolog olunur?
  * Dünyada değişik patolog grupları var mı?
  * Patolojinin alt başlıkları (üst ihtisasları) var mı?
* Patoloji dersleri
* * Bu dersler nasıl devam edecek?
  * Nasıl not alacaksınız?
  * Patolojiye nasıl çalışabilirim?
  * Patolojiye çalışma yöntemleri

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. [What is a pathologist?](http://www.pathreport.org/#!What-is-a-pathologist/cnza/128F7E6E-A908-41F6-B56E-5161D7D5A721)
4. [Patoloji nedir? Patologlar ne yapar?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXoRXXmH-pU)
5. [Pathology - Working Behind the Scenes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx_eL3AemAI)
6. [Rebecca F. Yorke (2000) Informed Evaluation of Pathology Residency Programs. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: June 2000, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 853-858.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0003-9985\(2000\)124%3C0853%3AIEOPRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2)
7. [Top 8 Things to Look for When Selecting a Pathology Residency Training Program](http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/pathology_residents/top_8_things.pdf)
8. [Patalojik Davet Doç.Dr.Münevver Yenerman, Ayrılış, 1959](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Munevver_Yenerman.pdf)
9. <http://www.ted.com/talks/manu_prakash_a_50_cent_microscope_that_folds_like_origami>

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Patoloji’ye Giriş

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:Bu komite ve gelecek yıl boyunca göreceğiniz zorunlu bir ders olduğunu bilmeniz yeterli.

Dersin Amacı:

Bir disiplin, tıp bilimi, uzmanlık ve tıp fakültesi dersi olarak patoloji hakkında genel bilgi vermek

Dersin hedefleri:

Öğrenciler patoloji derslerinin nasıl yapılacağı konusunda bilgi edineceklerdir.

Öğrenciler patoloji disiplini ve kullanılan metodlar hakkında bilgi edineceklerdir.

Öğrenciler bir tıp bilimi olarak patoloji hakkında temel bilgi edineceklerdir.

Başlıklar:

* Patoloji ne demektir?
* Patolojide kullanılan metodlar
* Patoloji nedeni, nasılı açıklamaya çalışır
* Patoloji temel tıp bilimleri ve klinik arasındaki köprüdür
* Genel patolojinin konuları
* Sistemik patolojinin konuları
* Hastalık türleri
* Etioloji
* Patogenez
* Risk faktörü
* Patoloji terminolojisi (jargonu)
* Patoloji ve epidemioloji
* Tanısal patoloji
* * Makroskopi
  * Mikroskopi
  * Sitoloji
  * İmmünohistokimya
* Patolog kimdir?
* * Türkiye’de nasıl patolog olunur?
  * Dünyada değişik patolog grupları var mı?
  * Patolojinin alt başlıkları (üst ihtisasları) var mı?
* Patoloji dersleri
* * Bu dersler nasıl devam edecek?
  * Nasıl not alacaksınız?
  * Patolojiye nasıl çalışabilirim?
  * Patolojiye çalışma yöntemleri

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. [What is a pathologist?](http://www.pathreport.org/#!What-is-a-pathologist/cnza/128F7E6E-A908-41F6-B56E-5161D7D5A721)
4. [Patoloji nedir? Patologlar ne yapar?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXoRXXmH-pU)
5. [Pathology - Working Behind the Scenes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx_eL3AemAI)
6. [Rebecca F. Yorke (2000) Informed Evaluation of Pathology Residency Programs. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: June 2000, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 853-858.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0003-9985\(2000\)124%3C0853%3AIEOPRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2)
7. [Top 8 Things to Look for When Selecting a Pathology Residency Training Program](http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/pathology_residents/top_8_things.pdf)
8. [Patalojik Davet Doç.Dr.Münevver Yenerman, Ayrılış, 1959](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Munevver_Yenerman.pdf)
9. <http://www.ted.com/talks/manu_prakash_a_50_cent_microscope_that_folds_like_origami>

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Patoloji’ye Giriş

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:Bu komite ve gelecek yıl boyunca göreceğiniz zorunlu bir ders olduğunu bilmeniz yeterli.

Dersin Amacı:

Bir disiplin, tıp bilimi, uzmanlık ve tıp fakültesi dersi olarak patoloji hakkında genel bilgi vermek

Dersin hedefleri:

Öğrenciler patoloji derslerinin nasıl yapılacağı konusunda bilgi edineceklerdir.

Öğrenciler patoloji disiplini ve kullanılan metodlar hakkında bilgi edineceklerdir.

Öğrenciler bir tıp bilimi olarak patoloji hakkında temel bilgi edineceklerdir.

Başlıklar:

* Patoloji ne demektir?
* Patolojide kullanılan metodlar
* Patoloji nedeni, nasılı açıklamaya çalışır
* Patoloji temel tıp bilimleri ve klinik arasındaki köprüdür
* Genel patolojinin konuları
* Sistemik patolojinin konuları
* Hastalık türleri
* Etioloji
* Patogenez
* Risk faktörü
* Patoloji terminolojisi (jargonu)
* Patoloji ve epidemioloji
* Tanısal patoloji
* * Makroskopi
  * Mikroskopi
  * Sitoloji
  * İmmünohistokimya
* Patolog kimdir?
* * Türkiye’de nasıl patolog olunur?
  * Dünyada değişik patolog grupları var mı?
  * Patolojinin alt başlıkları (üst ihtisasları) var mı?
* Patoloji dersleri
* * Bu dersler nasıl devam edecek?
  * Nasıl not alacaksınız?
  * Patolojiye nasıl çalışabilirim?
  * Patolojiye çalışma yöntemleri

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. [What is a pathologist?](http://www.pathreport.org/#!What-is-a-pathologist/cnza/128F7E6E-A908-41F6-B56E-5161D7D5A721)
4. [Patoloji nedir? Patologlar ne yapar?](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YXoRXXmH-pU)
5. [Pathology - Working Behind the Scenes](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sx_eL3AemAI)
6. [Rebecca F. Yorke (2000) Informed Evaluation of Pathology Residency Programs. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: June 2000, Vol. 124, No. 6, pp. 853-858.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/abs/10.1043/0003-9985\(2000\)124%3C0853%3AIEOPRP%3E2.0.CO%3B2)
7. [Top 8 Things to Look for When Selecting a Pathology Residency Training Program](http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/pathology_residents/top_8_things.pdf)
8. [Patalojik Davet Doç.Dr.Münevver Yenerman, Ayrılış, 1959](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Munevver_Yenerman.pdf)
9. <http://www.ted.com/talks/manu_prakash_a_50_cent_microscope_that_folds_like_origami>


# General Pathology


# General Pathology Links

{% embed url="<https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/genel-patoloji>" %}


# Introduction to Pathology

{% embed url="<https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/genel-patoloji/patoloji-giris>" %}

#### <http://ilovepathology.com>

{% embed url="<http://ilovepathology.com>" %}


# Cellular Pathology

{% embed url="<https://biochemical-pathways.com/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://biochemical-pathways.com/cellular-molecular-processes>" %}

[Organelles of a human cell](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YCgro6BV8U)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YCgro6BV8U>" %}

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Diseases originate from cell
* Genome
* * Coding and non-coding DNA
  * Epigenetics
  *

References:

1. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

Last updated:02.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Cellular Pathology

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Diseases originate from cell
* Genome
* * Coding and non-coding DNA
  * Epigenetics
  *

References:

1. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

Last updated:02.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Cellular Pathology

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Diseases originate from cell
* Genome
* * Coding and non-coding DNA
  * Epigenetics
  *

References:

1. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition


# Chronic Inflammation

Required Prior Knowledge:

Pathology of acute inflammation

Basic histology of blood cells

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Terms used for inflammation in Turkish
* Features of acute and chronic inflammation
* Definition of chronic inflammation
* Features of chronic inflammation
* Chronic inflammation may arise from
* * Acute inflammation
  * Persistent infections
  * Immune system disorders
  * Prolonged exposure to toxins
* Acute and chronic inflammation together
* * Neutrophils in chronic inflammation
* Examples of chronic inflammation
* Cells of chronic inflammation
* * Macrophages
  * Lymphocytes
  * Eosinophils
  * Mast Cells
* Granulomatous Inflammation
* * Tuberculosis
  * Foreign type giant cell reaction
  * Sarcoidosis
  * Crohn disease
  * Fungal infections
* Systemic effects of Inflammation
* * Acute phase reaction
  * Fever
  * Leukocytosis

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

Last updated:06.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Chronic Inflammation

Required Prior Knowledge:

Pathology of acute inflammation

Basic histology of blood cells

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Terms used for inflammation in Turkish
* Features of acute and chronic inflammation
* Definition of chronic inflammation
* Features of chronic inflammation
* Chronic inflammation may arise from
* * Acute inflammation
  * Persistent infections
  * Immune system disorders
  * Prolonged exposure to toxins
* Acute and chronic inflammation together
* * Neutrophils in chronic inflammation
* Examples of chronic inflammation
* Cells of chronic inflammation
* * Macrophages
  * Lymphocytes
  * Eosinophils
  * Mast Cells
* Granulomatous Inflammation
* * Tuberculosis
  * Foreign type giant cell reaction
  * Sarcoidosis
  * Crohn disease
  * Fungal infections
* Systemic effects of Inflammation
* * Acute phase reaction
  * Fever
  * Leukocytosis

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

Last updated:06.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Chronic Inflammation

Required Prior Knowledge:

Pathology of acute inflammation

Basic histology of blood cells

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Terms used for inflammation in Turkish
* Features of acute and chronic inflammation
* Definition of chronic inflammation
* Features of chronic inflammation
* Chronic inflammation may arise from
* * Acute inflammation
  * Persistent infections
  * Immune system disorders
  * Prolonged exposure to toxins
* Acute and chronic inflammation together
* * Neutrophils in chronic inflammation
* Examples of chronic inflammation
* Cells of chronic inflammation
* * Macrophages
  * Lymphocytes
  * Eosinophils
  * Mast Cells
* Granulomatous Inflammation
* * Tuberculosis
  * Foreign type giant cell reaction
  * Sarcoidosis
  * Crohn disease
  * Fungal infections
* Systemic effects of Inflammation
* * Acute phase reaction
  * Fever
  * Leukocytosis

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition


# Wound Healing

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/dw_scitech/status/1281641584900087810>" %}


# The Mechanisms of Cell Death, Apoptosis, and Autophagy

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Analogy for necrosis and apoptosis
* Differences between necrosis and apoptosis
* * Morphologic features of necrosis and steps of necrosis development
  * Morphologic features of apoptosis and steps of apoptosis development
* Necrosis
* * Nuclear changes in necrosis
  * * Pyknosis
    * Karyolysis
    * Karyorrhexis
  * Necrosis, morphology, its effect to regional tissue and its removal
* Apoptosis
* * Factors controlling apoptosis
  * Physiologic Causes of Apoptosis
  * Pathologic Causes of Apoptosis
  * Mechanisms of apoptosis
  * * The Mitochondrial (Intrinsic) Pathway of Apoptosis
    * The Death Receptor (Extrinsic) Pathway of Apoptosis
    * Caspases
    * Clearance of Apoptotic Cells
  * Examples of Apoptosis
* Necroptosis
* Pyroptosis
* Autophagy

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Analogy for necrosis and apoptosis
* Differences between necrosis and apoptosis
* * Morphologic features of necrosis and steps of necrosis development
  * Morphologic features of apoptosis and steps of apoptosis development
* Necrosis
* * Nuclear changes in necrosis
  * * Pyknosis
    * Karyolysis
    * Karyorrhexis
  * Necrosis, morphology, its effect to regional tissue and its removal
* Apoptosis
* * Factors controlling apoptosis
  * Physiologic Causes of Apoptosis
  * Pathologic Causes of Apoptosis
  * Mechanisms of apoptosis
  * * The Mitochondrial (Intrinsic) Pathway of Apoptosis
    * The Death Receptor (Extrinsic) Pathway of Apoptosis
    * Caspases
    * Clearance of Apoptotic Cells
  * Examples of Apoptosis
* Necroptosis
* Pyroptosis
* Autophagy

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Analogy for necrosis and apoptosis
* Differences between necrosis and apoptosis
* * Morphologic features of necrosis and steps of necrosis development
  * Morphologic features of apoptosis and steps of apoptosis development
* Necrosis
* * Nuclear changes in necrosis
  * * Pyknosis
    * Karyolysis
    * Karyorrhexis
  * Necrosis, morphology, its effect to regional tissue and its removal
* Apoptosis
* * Factors controlling apoptosis
  * Physiologic Causes of Apoptosis
  * Pathologic Causes of Apoptosis
  * Mechanisms of apoptosis
  * * The Mitochondrial (Intrinsic) Pathway of Apoptosis
    * The Death Receptor (Extrinsic) Pathway of Apoptosis
    * Caspases
    * Clearance of Apoptotic Cells
  * Examples of Apoptosis
* Necroptosis
* Pyroptosis
* Autophagy

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gGgay06WmoQ>" %}


# Intracellular Accumulations and Cellular Aging

Required Prior Knowledge:

Basic knowledge of intracellular transport

Basic knowledge about enzyme functions and metabolic pathways

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Intracellular accumulations
* Intracellular accumulation mechanisms
* * Abnormal removal, inadequate transport
  * Abnormal folding, or depot
  * Abnormal anabolism, enzyme deficiency, byproducts
  * Exogenous materials that cannot be ingested
* Fat accumulation
* Protein accumulation
* Glycogen accumulation
* Pigments
* * Carbon
  * Lipofuscin
  * Melanin
  * Hemosiderin
  * Amyloid
  * Hyaline change
* Pathologic Calcification
* * Dystrophic calcification
  * Metastatic calcification
  * Causes of hypercalcemia
* Cellular aging
* Why do we age?
* DNA damage
* Decreased cellular replication
* Telomeres
* Werner syndrome

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

#### Hücre içi birikimler ve Hücre Yaşlanması

Ders adı:Hücre içi birikimler ve Hücre yaşlanması

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:

Hücre içi taşıma (transport) konusunda temel bilgiler

Enzimlerin fonksiyonları ve metabolik yolaklar konusunda temel bilgiler

Dersin Amacı:

Dersin hedefleri:

Başlıklar:

* Hücre içi birikimler
* Hücre içi birikimlerin mekanizmaları
* * Taşımada yetersizlikler, anormal atma
  * Anormal katlanma ya da depolanma
  * Anormal anabolizma, enzim eksiklikleri, yan ürünler
  * Eksojen, sindirilemeyen maddeler
* Yağ birikimi
* Protein birikimi
* Glikojen birikimi
* Pigmentler
* * Karbon
  * Lipofuskin
  * Melanin
  * Hemosiderin
  * Amiloid
  * Hyalen değişiklik
* Patolojik kalsifikasyon
* * Distrofik kalsifikasyon
  * Metastatik kalsifikasyon
  * Hiperkalsemi nedenleri
* Hücre yaşlanması
* Neden yaşlanıyoruz?
* DNA hasarı
* Hücre çoğalmasında azalma
* Telomerler
* Werner sendromu

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Hücre içi birikimler ve Hücre yaşlanması

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:

Hücre içi taşıma (transport) konusunda temel bilgiler

Enzimlerin fonksiyonları ve metabolik yolaklar konusunda temel bilgiler

Dersin Amacı:

Dersin hedefleri:

Başlıklar:

* Hücre içi birikimler
* Hücre içi birikimlerin mekanizmaları
* * Taşımada yetersizlikler, anormal atma
  * Anormal katlanma ya da depolanma
  * Anormal anabolizma, enzim eksiklikleri, yan ürünler
  * Eksojen, sindirilemeyen maddeler
* Yağ birikimi
* Protein birikimi
* Glikojen birikimi
* Pigmentler
* * Karbon
  * Lipofuskin
  * Melanin
  * Hemosiderin
  * Amiloid
  * Hyalen değişiklik
* Patolojik kalsifikasyon
* * Distrofik kalsifikasyon
  * Metastatik kalsifikasyon
  * Hiperkalsemi nedenleri
* Hücre yaşlanması
* Neden yaşlanıyoruz?
* DNA hasarı
* Hücre çoğalmasında azalma
* Telomerler
* Werner sendromu

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:

Hücre içi taşıma (transport) konusunda temel bilgiler

Enzimlerin fonksiyonları ve metabolik yolaklar konusunda temel bilgiler

Dersin Amacı:

Dersin hedefleri:

Başlıklar:

* Hücre içi birikimler
* Hücre içi birikimlerin mekanizmaları
* * Taşımada yetersizlikler, anormal atma
  * Anormal katlanma ya da depolanma
  * Anormal anabolizma, enzim eksiklikleri, yan ürünler
  * Eksojen, sindirilemeyen maddeler
* Yağ birikimi
* Protein birikimi
* Glikojen birikimi
* Pigmentler
* * Karbon
  * Lipofuskin
  * Melanin
  * Hemosiderin
  * Amiloid
  * Hyalen değişiklik
* Patolojik kalsifikasyon
* * Distrofik kalsifikasyon
  * Metastatik kalsifikasyon
  * Hiperkalsemi nedenleri
* Hücre yaşlanması
* Neden yaşlanıyoruz?
* DNA hasarı
* Hücre çoğalmasında azalma
* Telomerler
* Werner sendromu

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

## Hücre ölümünün mekanizmaları, Apoptoz ve Otofaji

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Hücre ölümünün mekanizmaları, Apoptoz ve Otofaji

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:

Dersin Amacı:

Dersin hedefleri:

Başlıklar:

* Nekroz ve apoptoz için anolojiler
* Nekroz ve apoptoz arasındaki farklılıklar
* * Nekrozun morfolojik özellikleri ve nekroz gelişiminin basamakları
  * Apoptozun morfolojik özellikleri ve apoptoz gelişiminin basamakları
* Nekroz
* * Nekrozdaki nükleer değişiklikler
  * * Piknozis
    * Karyolizis
    * Karyoreksiz
  * Nekroz, morfolojisi, çevre dokulara etkisi ve ortadan kaldırılması
* Apoptoz
* * Apoptozu kontrol eden faktörler
  * Apoptozun fizyolojik nedenleri
  * Apoptozun patolojik nedenleri
  * Apoptoz mekanizmaları
  * * Apoptozun mitokondriyal (intrinsik) yolağı
    * Apoptozun ölüm reseptörü (ekstrinsik) yolağı
    * Kaspazlar
    * Apoptotik hücrelerin temizlenmesi
  * Apoptoz örnekleri
* Nekroptoz
* Piroptoz
* Otofaji

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Hücre ölümünün mekanizmaları, Apoptoz ve Otofaji

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:

Dersin Amacı:

Dersin hedefleri:

Başlıklar:

* Nekroz ve apoptoz için anolojiler
* Nekroz ve apoptoz arasındaki farklılıklar
* * Nekrozun morfolojik özellikleri ve nekroz gelişiminin basamakları
  * Apoptozun morfolojik özellikleri ve apoptoz gelişiminin basamakları
* Nekroz
* * Nekrozdaki nükleer değişiklikler
  * * Piknozis
    * Karyolizis
    * Karyoreksiz
  * Nekroz, morfolojisi, çevre dokulara etkisi ve ortadan kaldırılması
* Apoptoz
* * Apoptozu kontrol eden faktörler
  * Apoptozun fizyolojik nedenleri
  * Apoptozun patolojik nedenleri
  * Apoptoz mekanizmaları
  * * Apoptozun mitokondriyal (intrinsik) yolağı
    * Apoptozun ölüm reseptörü (ekstrinsik) yolağı
    * Kaspazlar
    * Apoptotik hücrelerin temizlenmesi
  * Apoptoz örnekleri
* Nekroptoz
* Piroptoz
* Otofaji

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

Son güncelleme:01.05.2015

Ders adı:Hücre ölümünün mekanizmaları, Apoptoz ve Otofaji

Ders öncesi bilinmesi beklenenler:

Dersin Amacı:

Dersin hedefleri:

Başlıklar:

* Nekroz ve apoptoz için anolojiler
* Nekroz ve apoptoz arasındaki farklılıklar
* * Nekrozun morfolojik özellikleri ve nekroz gelişiminin basamakları
  * Apoptozun morfolojik özellikleri ve apoptoz gelişiminin basamakları
* Nekroz
* * Nekrozdaki nükleer değişiklikler
  * * Piknozis
    * Karyolizis
    * Karyoreksiz
  * Nekroz, morfolojisi, çevre dokulara etkisi ve ortadan kaldırılması
* Apoptoz
* * Apoptozu kontrol eden faktörler
  * Apoptozun fizyolojik nedenleri
  * Apoptozun patolojik nedenleri
  * Apoptoz mekanizmaları
  * * Apoptozun mitokondriyal (intrinsik) yolağı
    * Apoptozun ölüm reseptörü (ekstrinsik) yolağı
    * Kaspazlar
    * Apoptotik hücrelerin temizlenmesi
  * Apoptoz örnekleri
* Nekroptoz
* Piroptoz
* Otofaji

Kaynaklar:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition
3. Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

Last updated:01.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Intracellular Accumulations and Cellular Aging

Required Prior Knowledge:

Basic knowledge of intracellular transport

Basic knowledge about enzyme functions and metabolic pathways

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Intracellular accumulations
* Intracellular accumulation mechanisms
* * Abnormal removal, inadequate transport
  * Abnormal folding, or depot
  * Abnormal anabolism, enzyme deficiency, byproducts
  * Exogenous materials that cannot be ingested
* Fat accumulation
* Protein accumulation
* Glycogen accumulation
* Pigments
* * Carbon
  * Lipofuscin
  * Melanin
  * Hemosiderin
  * Amyloid
  * Hyaline change
* Pathologic Calcification
* * Dystrophic calcification
  * Metastatic calcification
  * Causes of hypercalcemia
* Cellular aging
* Why do we age?
* DNA damage
* Decreased cellular replication
* Telomeres
* Werner syndrome

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition

Last updated:01.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Intracellular Accumulations and Cellular Aging

Required Prior Knowledge:

Basic knowledge of intracellular transport

Basic knowledge about enzyme functions and metabolic pathways

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Lecture Outlines:

* Intracellular accumulations
* Intracellular accumulation mechanisms
* * Abnormal removal, inadequate transport
  * Abnormal folding, or depot
  * Abnormal anabolism, enzyme deficiency, byproducts
  * Exogenous materials that cannot be ingested
* Fat accumulation
* Protein accumulation
* Glycogen accumulation
* Pigments
* * Carbon
  * Lipofuscin
  * Melanin
  * Hemosiderin
  * Amyloid
  * Hyaline change
* Pathologic Calcification
* * Dystrophic calcification
  * Metastatic calcification
  * Causes of hypercalcemia
* Cellular aging
* Why do we age?
* DNA damage
* Decreased cellular replication
* Telomeres
* Werner syndrome

References:

1. Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition
2. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease, 9th edition


# Pathology of Infectious Diseases

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/EricMadPatho/status/1741988271435972686>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kggpgKea0lk&ab_channel=Vox>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/ParasiteGal/status/1490843676343701505>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.instagram.com/p/CbXuVIVue-p>" %}


# Amyloidosis

#### [Cryo-EM structure and polymorphism of Aβ amyloid fibrils purified from Alzheimer’s brain tissue](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12683-8)

{% embed url="<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-12683-8>" %}

#### [Origins of a pervasive, erroneous idea: The "green birefringence" of Congo red-stained amyloid.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31515863)

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31515863>" %}

#### **Amyloidosis Lecture Notes**

{% embed url="<https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vQGRx4fszKteMHcqACqsGuo61RlpTlonZIUff954RZvlEAXUyxzfZIxr3E3tYuOE6d2VhJhVKIG62Hg/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000>" %}

####


# Laboratory Lectures


# Lab: Pathology of Heart and Vascular Diseases


# Lab: Glomerular Diseases


# Lab: Pathology of Breast


# Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-1


# Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-2


# Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-2


# Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-1

## Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-1

Slides:

TUBULAR ADENOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

CARCINOMA METASTASIS IN THE LYMPH NODE

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung

Normal kolon mukozasindan lumene dogruparmaksi uzanimolusturan lezyonpoliptir.

Polibi olusturan epitel komsulugundaki normal hucrelerden hafifce irilesmis daha hiperkromatik, ustuste binen hucrelerden meydana gelmektedir. Buneoplastikbir polip olup tani adenomdur.Adenompreneoplastik,prekursorbir lezyondur.

Normal kolon duvariniyag dokuya kadar infiltre/invazeeden bez yapilari olusturan lezyon izlenmektedir. Lezyonu olusturan hucreler iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumdedir. Bu hucreler ortasinda nekroz da icerenlumenli bez ve yer yer bezlerin birlestigi kribriform yapilarolusturmaktadir. Bu ozellikleriyle tanikolonun orta-iyi diferansiye adenokarsinomile uyumludur.

Yag doku icerisindelenf noduizlenmektedir. Lenf nodunda subkapsuler alanda lenfoid dokudan farkli,bez yapilari olusturan, iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumde hucreler izlenmistir. Bu ozellikleriylemalign epitelyal bir tumorun( adenokarsinomun) lenf nodunametastazidir.

Normal mide duvariniinfiltre edenyer yerabortif bez yapilari olusturmaya calisan cogu alanda tek hucre infiltrasyonugosteren tumor izlenmistir. Tumoru olusturan hucreler iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumdedir. Bazi alanlardatasli yuzukhucre morfolojisi izlenmistir. Bu bulgularla tanimidenin az diferansiye adenokarsinomudur.

Kesitlerde bir tarafta solunum epiteliyle ortulu kikirdak yapisinin ve alveoler catinin izlendigi akcigere ait dokuda adalar halindeinfiltrasyon/invazyongosteren tumor izlenmektedir. Tumor hucreleri genis eozinofilik sitoplazmali, iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nukleollu,atipik, epitelyal karakterdedir. Bazi alanlardakeratinizasyon ve keratin inciizlenmistir.Hucreler arasi koprulesmedikkati cekmistir. Bu ozellikleriyle taniakcigerin skuamoz hucreli karsinomudur.

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

TUBULAR ADENOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

CARCINOMA METASTASIS IN THE LYMPH NODE

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung

Normal kolon mukozasindan lumene dogruparmaksi uzanimolusturan lezyonpoliptir.

Polibi olusturan epitel komsulugundaki normal hucrelerden hafifce irilesmis daha hiperkromatik, ustuste binen hucrelerden meydana gelmektedir. Buneoplastikbir polip olup tani adenomdur.Adenompreneoplastik,prekursorbir lezyondur.

Normal kolon duvariniyag dokuya kadar infiltre/invazeeden bez yapilari olusturan lezyon izlenmektedir. Lezyonu olusturan hucreler iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumdedir. Bu hucreler ortasinda nekroz da icerenlumenli bez ve yer yer bezlerin birlestigi kribriform yapilarolusturmaktadir. Bu ozellikleriyle tanikolonun orta-iyi diferansiye adenokarsinomile uyumludur.

Yag doku icerisindelenf noduizlenmektedir. Lenf nodunda subkapsuler alanda lenfoid dokudan farkli,bez yapilari olusturan, iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumde hucreler izlenmistir. Bu ozellikleriylemalign epitelyal bir tumorun( adenokarsinomun) lenf nodunametastazidir.

Normal mide duvariniinfiltre edenyer yerabortif bez yapilari olusturmaya calisan cogu alanda tek hucre infiltrasyonugosteren tumor izlenmistir. Tumoru olusturan hucreler iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumdedir. Bazi alanlardatasli yuzukhucre morfolojisi izlenmistir. Bu bulgularla tanimidenin az diferansiye adenokarsinomudur.

Kesitlerde bir tarafta solunum epiteliyle ortulu kikirdak yapisinin ve alveoler catinin izlendigi akcigere ait dokuda adalar halindeinfiltrasyon/invazyongosteren tumor izlenmektedir. Tumor hucreleri genis eozinofilik sitoplazmali, iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nukleollu,atipik, epitelyal karakterdedir. Bazi alanlardakeratinizasyon ve keratin inciizlenmistir.Hucreler arasi koprulesmedikkati cekmistir. Bu ozellikleriyle taniakcigerin skuamoz hucreli karsinomudur.

References:

## Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-1

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

TUBULAR ADENOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

ADENOCARCINOMA

CARCINOMA METASTASIS IN THE LYMPH NODE

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung

Normal kolon mukozasindan lumene dogruparmaksi uzanimolusturan lezyonpoliptir.

Polibi olusturan epitel komsulugundaki normal hucrelerden hafifce irilesmis daha hiperkromatik, ustuste binen hucrelerden meydana gelmektedir. Buneoplastikbir polip olup tani adenomdur.Adenompreneoplastik,prekursorbir lezyondur.

Normal kolon duvariniyag dokuya kadar infiltre/invazeeden bez yapilari olusturan lezyon izlenmektedir. Lezyonu olusturan hucreler iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumdedir. Bu hucreler ortasinda nekroz da icerenlumenli bez ve yer yer bezlerin birlestigi kribriform yapilarolusturmaktadir. Bu ozellikleriyle tanikolonun orta-iyi diferansiye adenokarsinomile uyumludur.

Yag doku icerisindelenf noduizlenmektedir. Lenf nodunda subkapsuler alanda lenfoid dokudan farkli,bez yapilari olusturan, iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumde hucreler izlenmistir. Bu ozellikleriylemalign epitelyal bir tumorun( adenokarsinomun) lenf nodunametastazidir.

Normal mide duvariniinfiltre edenyer yerabortif bez yapilari olusturmaya calisan cogu alanda tek hucre infiltrasyonugosteren tumor izlenmistir. Tumoru olusturan hucreler iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nuleollu, nukleositoplazmik orani artmis,atipikgorunumdedir. Bazi alanlardatasli yuzukhucre morfolojisi izlenmistir. Bu bulgularla tanimidenin az diferansiye adenokarsinomudur.

Kesitlerde bir tarafta solunum epiteliyle ortulu kikirdak yapisinin ve alveoler catinin izlendigi akcigere ait dokuda adalar halindeinfiltrasyon/invazyongosteren tumor izlenmektedir. Tumor hucreleri genis eozinofilik sitoplazmali, iri hiperkromatik nukleuslu, belirgin nukleollu,atipik, epitelyal karakterdedir. Bazi alanlardakeratinizasyon ve keratin inciizlenmistir.Hucreler arasi koprulesmedikkati cekmistir. Bu ozellikleriyle taniakcigerin skuamoz hucreli karsinomudur.

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Leiomyoma

Bowen Disease

İntradermal Melanocytic Nevüs

Teratoma

Osteosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma

* Endometrium glandlarının izlendiği yüzeydemyometriumda sınırlı benign neoplaziizlenmiştir. Neoplaziyi oluşturan hücrelernormalden ayırt edilemeyecek kadar iyi diferansiyedirler.Normal myometrial hücrelere benziyorlar. Hücre nükleusları sigar şekilli.Nekroz, mitoz, atipi ve pleomorfizm yoktur.Bu bulgularla tanıleiomyomdur.
* Myometriumdaçevre dokudan düzensiz sınırla ayrılantümör izlenmiştir.Tümör, iri hiperkromatik nükleuslu belirgin nükleollü, iğsi karakterde atipik hücrelerden oluşmaktadır. Myometrial hücrelere çok az benzemektedir. Çok sayıdamitoz ve pelomorfizmmevcuttur. Bu bulgularla tanıleiomyosarkomdır.
* Çevre yumuşak dokuya infiltrasyon gösteren tümör izlenmiştir. Tümör içerisinde kanama ve nekroz mevcuttur. Tümör, iri hiperkromatik nükleuslu, nükleus konturları düzensiz, pleomorfik karakterde atipik hücrelerdir. Bu hücreler arada osteoid denilen eozinofilik görünümde homojen matriks üretmektedirler. Arada kemik yapıları mevcuttur. Bu bulgularla tanı osteosarkomdur.

-Normal görünümde epidermisve ona komşu alanda lezyon izlenmiştir. Bu alanda, epidermisin bazal tabakasından başlayıp epidermis yüzeyine doğru uzananskuamöz hücelerde, hafif irileşme, hiperkromazivepolarite kaybımevcuttur.Bu bulgularla tanıepitelyal displazidir.

-Epidermisin altındadermisde epidermisle ilişkisi olmayan gruplar oluşturanlezyon izlenmiştir. Lezyonu oluşturan hücrelerbenign görünümdedir. Lezyon yüzeyindeki bu hücrelerin sitoplazmalarındamelanin pigmentiizlendiğinden bu hücrelerinmelanositik kökenliolduğu düşünülmüştür.Bu bulgularla tanıintradermal nevüsdür.

-Kistik ve solid alanlar içeren lezyon izlenmiştir.Lezyon,mide epiteli, solunum yolu epiteli , deri ekleri, glial doku, kıkırdak ve yağdokudan oluşanher üç germyaprağını içermektedir. Glialdokumatürgörünümdedir. Bu bulgularla tanımatür kistik teratomdur.

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Leiomyoma

Bowen Disease

İntradermal Melanocytic Nevüs

Teratoma

Osteosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma

* Endometrium glandlarının izlendiği yüzeydemyometriumda sınırlı benign neoplaziizlenmiştir. Neoplaziyi oluşturan hücrelernormalden ayırt edilemeyecek kadar iyi diferansiyedirler.Normal myometrial hücrelere benziyorlar. Hücre nükleusları sigar şekilli.Nekroz, mitoz, atipi ve pleomorfizm yoktur.Bu bulgularla tanıleiomyomdur.
* Myometriumdaçevre dokudan düzensiz sınırla ayrılantümör izlenmiştir.Tümör, iri hiperkromatik nükleuslu belirgin nükleollü, iğsi karakterde atipik hücrelerden oluşmaktadır. Myometrial hücrelere çok az benzemektedir. Çok sayıdamitoz ve pelomorfizmmevcuttur. Bu bulgularla tanıleiomyosarkomdır.
* Çevre yumuşak dokuya infiltrasyon gösteren tümör izlenmiştir. Tümör içerisinde kanama ve nekroz mevcuttur. Tümör, iri hiperkromatik nükleuslu, nükleus konturları düzensiz, pleomorfik karakterde atipik hücrelerdir. Bu hücreler arada osteoid denilen eozinofilik görünümde homojen matriks üretmektedirler. Arada kemik yapıları mevcuttur. Bu bulgularla tanı osteosarkomdur.

-Normal görünümde epidermisve ona komşu alanda lezyon izlenmiştir. Bu alanda, epidermisin bazal tabakasından başlayıp epidermis yüzeyine doğru uzananskuamöz hücelerde, hafif irileşme, hiperkromazivepolarite kaybımevcuttur.Bu bulgularla tanıepitelyal displazidir.

-Epidermisin altındadermisde epidermisle ilişkisi olmayan gruplar oluşturanlezyon izlenmiştir. Lezyonu oluşturan hücrelerbenign görünümdedir. Lezyon yüzeyindeki bu hücrelerin sitoplazmalarındamelanin pigmentiizlendiğinden bu hücrelerinmelanositik kökenliolduğu düşünülmüştür.Bu bulgularla tanıintradermal nevüsdür.

-Kistik ve solid alanlar içeren lezyon izlenmiştir.Lezyon,mide epiteli, solunum yolu epiteli , deri ekleri, glial doku, kıkırdak ve yağdokudan oluşanher üç germyaprağını içermektedir. Glialdokumatürgörünümdedir. Bu bulgularla tanımatür kistik teratomdur.

## Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-2

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Leiomyoma

Bowen Disease

İntradermal Melanocytic Nevüs

Teratoma

Osteosarcoma

Leiomyosarcoma

* Endometrium glandlarının izlendiği yüzeydemyometriumda sınırlı benign neoplaziizlenmiştir. Neoplaziyi oluşturan hücrelernormalden ayırt edilemeyecek kadar iyi diferansiyedirler.Normal myometrial hücrelere benziyorlar. Hücre nükleusları sigar şekilli.Nekroz, mitoz, atipi ve pleomorfizm yoktur.Bu bulgularla tanıleiomyomdur.
* Myometriumdaçevre dokudan düzensiz sınırla ayrılantümör izlenmiştir.Tümör, iri hiperkromatik nükleuslu belirgin nükleollü, iğsi karakterde atipik hücrelerden oluşmaktadır. Myometrial hücrelere çok az benzemektedir. Çok sayıdamitoz ve pelomorfizmmevcuttur. Bu bulgularla tanıleiomyosarkomdır.
* Çevre yumuşak dokuya infiltrasyon gösteren tümör izlenmiştir. Tümör içerisinde kanama ve nekroz mevcuttur. Tümör, iri hiperkromatik nükleuslu, nükleus konturları düzensiz, pleomorfik karakterde atipik hücrelerdir. Bu hücreler arada osteoid denilen eozinofilik görünümde homojen matriks üretmektedirler. Arada kemik yapıları mevcuttur. Bu bulgularla tanı osteosarkomdur.

-Normal görünümde epidermisve ona komşu alanda lezyon izlenmiştir. Bu alanda, epidermisin bazal tabakasından başlayıp epidermis yüzeyine doğru uzananskuamöz hücelerde, hafif irileşme, hiperkromazivepolarite kaybımevcuttur.Bu bulgularla tanıepitelyal displazidir.

-Epidermisin altındadermisde epidermisle ilişkisi olmayan gruplar oluşturanlezyon izlenmiştir. Lezyonu oluşturan hücrelerbenign görünümdedir. Lezyon yüzeyindeki bu hücrelerin sitoplazmalarındamelanin pigmentiizlendiğinden bu hücrelerinmelanositik kökenliolduğu düşünülmüştür.Bu bulgularla tanıintradermal nevüsdür.

-Kistik ve solid alanlar içeren lezyon izlenmiştir.Lezyon,mide epiteli, solunum yolu epiteli , deri ekleri, glial doku, kıkırdak ve yağdokudan oluşanher üç germyaprağını içermektedir. Glialdokumatürgörünümdedir. Bu bulgularla tanımatür kistik teratomdur.


# Lab: Basic Tumor Pathology-2


# Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-1


# Lab: Gynecologic pathologies


# Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-2


# Lab: Infectious agents in tissues


# Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-1


# Lab Acute and Chronic Inflammation

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Pilonidal Sinus

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Acute Appendicitis and Periappendicitis

Fat Necrosis, Foreign Body Reaction

Necrotizing Granulamatous Lymphadenitis

Keloid

Ulcer, granulation tissue, fibrosis

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Pilonidal Sinus

Chronic Pyelonephritis

Acute Appendicitis and Periappendicitis

Fat Necrosis, Foreign Body Reaction

Necrotizing Granulamatous Lymphadenitis

Keloid

Ulcer, granulation tissue, fibrosis

References:


# Lab Cellular Injury

## Lab Cellular Injury

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Hyperplastic-hypertrophic myometrium

Ochranosis, femur head

Hyperplasia, thyroid

anthracotic pigments, lymph node

cholesterolosis, gallbladder

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Hyperplastic-hypertrophic myometrium

Ochranosis, femur head

Hyperplasia, thyroid

anthracotic pigments, lymph node

cholesterolosis, gallbladder

References:

## Lab Cellular Injury

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Hyperplastic-hypertrophic myometrium

Ochranosis, femur head

Hyperplasia, thyroid

anthracotic pigments, lymph node

cholesterolosis, gallbladder

References:

Emphysema

Edema, lung

Bronchiectasis in a cystic fibrosis patient

Pnemonia

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, lung

Vocal Cord Polyp

Aspergillus, Lung

Emphysema

Edema, lung

Bronchiectasis in a cystic fibrosis patient

Pnemonia

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, lung

Vocal Cord Polyp

Aspergillus, Lung

## Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-1

Emphysema

Edema, lung

Bronchiectasis in a cystic fibrosis patient

Pnemonia

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, lung

Vocal Cord Polyp

Aspergillus, Lung

Adenocarcinoma of Lung

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

CARCINOID TUMOR

MESOTHELIOMA

Adenocarcinoma of Lung

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

CARCINOID TUMOR

MESOTHELIOMA

## Lab: Diseases and Tumors of Respiratory System-2

Adenocarcinoma of Lung

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Lung

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA

CARCINOID TUMOR

MESOTHELIOMA

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Glomerullerdeglobal glomerulosklerozvar. Interstisyumda plazma, lenfosit ve eozinofil lokosit icereniltihabi hücreinfiltrasyonu,tubullerde atrofiizlendi. Tubullerdetiroidizasyonizlendi. Damarlarda intimal proliferasyon vardır. Tanı: Kronik pyelonefrit

Amilod

Glomerullerde eozinofilik global birikim izlenmektedir. Eozinofilik materyalin naturunu aydinlatmak icin yapilan histokimyasal boya Kristal viyole\`de parlak fusya rengi boyanma gozlenmistir. Tani amiloidoz

Bobrek igne biyopsisi korteks ve medulla icermektedir. Damarda kolesterol klefti iceren kolesterol embolisi izlenmiştir. Tubullerde iskemiye bağlı dejeneratif degisiklikler( bazal membrane kalınlaşması, tubuler epitel hücrelerinin lümene dökülmesi) ve atrofi gözlenmektedir. Tani: Kolesterol embolisi

Böbrek iğne biyopsisi korteks içermektedir. Glomerullerden birinde fokal segmental glomeruloskleroz gözlenmiştir. Arteriollerde hiperplastik arterioloskleroz dikkati cekmistir. Tubullerde atrofi mevcuttur. Tani: malign hipertansiyona sekonder değişiklikler

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Glomerullerdeglobal glomerulosklerozvar. Interstisyumda plazma, lenfosit ve eozinofil lokosit icereniltihabi hücreinfiltrasyonu,tubullerde atrofiizlendi. Tubullerdetiroidizasyonizlendi. Damarlarda intimal proliferasyon vardır. Tanı: Kronik pyelonefrit

Amilod

Glomerullerde eozinofilik global birikim izlenmektedir. Eozinofilik materyalin naturunu aydinlatmak icin yapilan histokimyasal boya Kristal viyole\`de parlak fusya rengi boyanma gozlenmistir. Tani amiloidoz

Bobrek igne biyopsisi korteks ve medulla icermektedir. Damarda kolesterol klefti iceren kolesterol embolisi izlenmiştir. Tubullerde iskemiye bağlı dejeneratif degisiklikler( bazal membrane kalınlaşması, tubuler epitel hücrelerinin lümene dökülmesi) ve atrofi gözlenmektedir. Tani: Kolesterol embolisi

Böbrek iğne biyopsisi korteks içermektedir. Glomerullerden birinde fokal segmental glomeruloskleroz gözlenmiştir. Arteriollerde hiperplastik arterioloskleroz dikkati cekmistir. Tubullerde atrofi mevcuttur. Tani: malign hipertansiyona sekonder değişiklikler

References:

## Lab: Glomerular Diseases

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Glomerullerdeglobal glomerulosklerozvar. Interstisyumda plazma, lenfosit ve eozinofil lokosit icereniltihabi hücreinfiltrasyonu,tubullerde atrofiizlendi. Tubullerdetiroidizasyonizlendi. Damarlarda intimal proliferasyon vardır. Tanı: Kronik pyelonefrit

Amilod

Glomerullerde eozinofilik global birikim izlenmektedir. Eozinofilik materyalin naturunu aydinlatmak icin yapilan histokimyasal boya Kristal viyole\`de parlak fusya rengi boyanma gozlenmistir. Tani amiloidoz

Bobrek igne biyopsisi korteks ve medulla icermektedir. Damarda kolesterol klefti iceren kolesterol embolisi izlenmiştir. Tubullerde iskemiye bağlı dejeneratif degisiklikler( bazal membrane kalınlaşması, tubuler epitel hücrelerinin lümene dökülmesi) ve atrofi gözlenmektedir. Tani: Kolesterol embolisi

Böbrek iğne biyopsisi korteks içermektedir. Glomerullerden birinde fokal segmental glomeruloskleroz gözlenmiştir. Arteriollerde hiperplastik arterioloskleroz dikkati cekmistir. Tubullerde atrofi mevcuttur. Tani: malign hipertansiyona sekonder değişiklikler

References:

CERVİX: Transformation Zone, Squamocolumnar Junction And Squamous Metaplasia

Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Cervix

Secretory Endometrium

Proliferative Endometrium

Endometrial Polyp

ENDOMETRİAL ADENOCARCINOMA

Leiomyoma

Leiomyosarcoma

HYDATIFORM MOLE

TERATOMA

SEROUS PAPILLARY CYSTADENOCARCINOMA

CERVİX: Transformation Zone, Squamocolumnar Junction And Squamous Metaplasia

Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Cervix

Secretory Endometrium

Proliferative Endometrium

Endometrial Polyp

ENDOMETRİAL ADENOCARCINOMA

Leiomyoma

Leiomyosarcoma

HYDATIFORM MOLE

TERATOMA

SEROUS PAPILLARY CYSTADENOCARCINOMA

## Lab: Gynecologic pathologies

CERVİX: Transformation Zone, Squamocolumnar Junction And Squamous Metaplasia

Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Cervix

Secretory Endometrium

Proliferative Endometrium

Endometrial Polyp

ENDOMETRİAL ADENOCARCINOMA

Leiomyoma

Leiomyosarcoma

HYDATIFORM MOLE

TERATOMA

SEROUS PAPILLARY CYSTADENOCARCINOMA

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Venous Thrombosis

Nasal Polyp

ischemic necrosis, testis

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, lung

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, Testis

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Venous Thrombosis

Nasal Polyp

ischemic necrosis, testis

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, lung

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, Testis

References:

## Lab Hemodynamic Disorders

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Venous Thrombosis

Nasal Polyp

ischemic necrosis, testis

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, lung

Hemorrhagic (Red) infarct, Testis

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Necrotizing Granulamatous Lymphadenitis

Granulamatous Inflammation, Caseification

Acute suppurative lymphadenitis

Intestinal parasite, Taenia saginata

Cyst Hidatid

Amyloidosis, kidney

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Aspergillus, Lung

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Necrotizing Granulamatous Lymphadenitis

Granulamatous Inflammation, Caseification

Acute suppurative lymphadenitis

Intestinal parasite, Taenia saginata

Cyst Hidatid

Amyloidosis, kidney

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Aspergillus, Lung

References:

## Lab: Infectious agents in tissues

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Necrotizing Granulamatous Lymphadenitis

Granulamatous Inflammation, Caseification

Acute suppurative lymphadenitis

Intestinal parasite, Taenia saginata

Cyst Hidatid

Amyloidosis, kidney

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Aspergillus, Lung

References:

FIBROADENOMA, BREAST

Fibrocyctic Changes, Epithelial Hyperplasia, Apocrine Metaplasia, Sclerosing Adenosis, Blunt Duct Adenosis

INFILTRATIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA, BREAST

FIBROADENOMA, BREAST

Fibrocyctic Changes, Epithelial Hyperplasia, Apocrine Metaplasia, Sclerosing Adenosis, Blunt Duct Adenosis

INFILTRATIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA, BREAST

## Lab: Pathology of Breast

FIBROADENOMA, BREAST

Fibrocyctic Changes, Epithelial Hyperplasia, Apocrine Metaplasia, Sclerosing Adenosis, Blunt Duct Adenosis

INFILTRATIVE DUCTAL CARCINOMA, BREAST

Last updated:01/04/2015

Name of the Lecture:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi, Laboratuvar Dersi

Required Prior Knowledge:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi Teorik Derslerinin gözden geçirilmiş olması

Aim of the Lecture:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi hakkındaki teorik ders bilgilerini pekiştirmek

Goals of the lecture:Santral sinir sisteminin inflamatuar, iskemik ve neoplastik hastalıkları hakkındaki örnek lezyonların histomorfolojik özelliklerinin öğrenilmesi

Slides:

1. Kriptokok menenjiti

Bu örnek uzun süre yoğun bakımda kalmış, immünsüprese bir hastanın otopsisi sırasında beyinden örneklenmiştir. Bu preperata dışarıdan baktığınızda (Resim 1A) gri ve beyaz maddeyi ayırt edebilirsiniz. Korteksin hemen üzerinde araknoid mesafede bir kalınlaşma mevcut. Bu alana mikroskopta baktığımızda yoğun bir akut inflamasyon izlemekteyiz (Resim 1B). Arada küçük, içi boş daireler şeklinde yapılar kriptokoklardır (Resim 1C-1D).

Resim 1A:

![cryptococcus-2x.jpg](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/gbjfCjhxuOPhKo5czKpdbLskSvGqBI_CudrQ2WDJnfIGKfFFTuppXOjBCTgKQWqH_fHwTRwjeYpQMemjptkOn4CeZ6-EDcBLHjRWeazzU-G3gXp9kX3VVtXLvPpWzVRhLUy35_eG)

Resim 1B:

![cryptococcus-10x.jpg](https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/o5LavMTwMMN1dC2lH1IQTxRybnJSlgiwCNKKoUuYPcpALDXNP9cfQL_hOH8-tiy365xEL5NF20ZV68HLJnuWK5p7sL3G3fT0XO-7wo5xcfj1CFu1G2gTugvjKOCKqARMn2SipQe6)

Resim 1C:

![cryptococcus-40x.jpg](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/auV6AjRMn5n1velnb4onyjMah19NtXMWk1artNiQRvC0h0emRK5T1rxxUXlaMV9efqoElqG-9LhdVFWxC9zV1It8famlBwqk6Vm0j76w8KE2SqQoN-HukaZ44eqs6et36hehD6LY)

Resim 1D:

![cryptococcus-100x.jpg](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/4L10rjzldGVb8Jhd07aKR4i5ldm3dw0L2fA74VUz3zw3ny0iNE-lVqNsc3ZqoADxQKTgtUX5H8vz1UcRKQ1BtGzvCRqHGln1Nvk5x2lKI1e6E5H8OBNEB08Pf5pBLqc6TG4P0m4d)

1. Subakut infarkt

Bu örnek neoplazi şüphesi ile örneklenmiş bir beyin parankim enfarktına aittir.

Küçük büyütmeden vasküler yapıların oldukça belirgin olduğunu görebiliyoruz. Bu vasküler belirginlik klinik ayırıcı tanıda neoplazilerde de bulunduğundan hastadan bu örnekleme yapılmış.

Lezyonda nekroz alanları görülmektedir.

Vasküler yapılar yüksek dereceli tümörlerde görüldüğü gibi glomerüloid morfolojide değildir, endotelyal proliferasyonları yoktur.

Lezyonda geniş, köpüksü sitoplazmalı makrofajlar (histiyositler) görülmektedir. Bu makrofajlar nekrotik debrileri ortadan kaldırmaktadırlar.

Lezyona ait orijinal preperatlarda lezyon çevresinde reaktif astrositler de izlenmektedir.

1. Pilositik Astrositom

Bu lezyon genç bir hastanın serebellar yerleşimli kistik alanlar içeren kitlesinden örneklenmiştir.

Örnek tümüyle neoplazmdan oluşmaktadır. Morfoloji oldukça heterojendir. Daha selüler alanlar yanısıra hiposelüler kistik gevşeme alanları da mevcuttur.

Mitotik aktivite, glomeruloid vasküler prolifeasyon ya da nekroz gibi yüksek dereceli glial tümörlere ait bulgular yoktur.

Özellikle selüler alanlarda karakteristik Rozenthal lifleri ve eozinofilik globoid cisimcikler seçilebilmektedir.

Pilositik astrositomlar DSÖ, derece I tümörlerdir.

1. Meningiom

Bu örnek dura ile ilşkili bir lezyondur. Preperatın bir kenarındaki fibröz doku niteliğinde dura mater üzerinde gelişmiş meningiomda, psammomatöz kalsifikasyon alanlarını görebiliyoruz.

Büyük büyütmelerde hücrelerin sitoplazmik sınırlarını net seçemediğimizi, sinsityal eozinofilik sitoplazmalı olduklarını görebiliyoruz. Hücreler yuvarlak, oval nükleusludur; nükleuslarda yer yer inklüzyonlar da görülmektedir.

Artmış mitoz, nekroz gibi atipi kriterleri taşımadığından ve beyin parankim invazyonu göstermediğinden bu meningiom, DSÖ derece I meningotelyal bir meningiomdur.

References:

Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition, p.829, Figure 22-19

Last updated:01/04/2015

Name of the Lecture:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi, Laboratuvar Dersi

Required Prior Knowledge:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi Teorik Derslerinin gözden geçirilmiş olması

Aim of the Lecture:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi hakkındaki teorik ders bilgilerini pekiştirmek

Goals of the lecture:Santral sinir sisteminin inflamatuar, iskemik ve neoplastik hastalıkları hakkındaki örnek lezyonların histomorfolojik özelliklerinin öğrenilmesi

Slides:

1. Kriptokok menenjiti

Bu örnek uzun süre yoğun bakımda kalmış, immünsüprese bir hastanın otopsisi sırasında beyinden örneklenmiştir. Bu preperata dışarıdan baktığınızda (Resim 1A) gri ve beyaz maddeyi ayırt edebilirsiniz. Korteksin hemen üzerinde araknoid mesafede bir kalınlaşma mevcut. Bu alana mikroskopta baktığımızda yoğun bir akut inflamasyon izlemekteyiz (Resim 1B). Arada küçük, içi boş daireler şeklinde yapılar kriptokoklardır (Resim 1C-1D).

Resim 1A:

![cryptococcus-2x.jpg](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/gbjfCjhxuOPhKo5czKpdbLskSvGqBI_CudrQ2WDJnfIGKfFFTuppXOjBCTgKQWqH_fHwTRwjeYpQMemjptkOn4CeZ6-EDcBLHjRWeazzU-G3gXp9kX3VVtXLvPpWzVRhLUy35_eG)

Resim 1B:

![cryptococcus-10x.jpg](https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/o5LavMTwMMN1dC2lH1IQTxRybnJSlgiwCNKKoUuYPcpALDXNP9cfQL_hOH8-tiy365xEL5NF20ZV68HLJnuWK5p7sL3G3fT0XO-7wo5xcfj1CFu1G2gTugvjKOCKqARMn2SipQe6)

Resim 1C:

![cryptococcus-40x.jpg](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/auV6AjRMn5n1velnb4onyjMah19NtXMWk1artNiQRvC0h0emRK5T1rxxUXlaMV9efqoElqG-9LhdVFWxC9zV1It8famlBwqk6Vm0j76w8KE2SqQoN-HukaZ44eqs6et36hehD6LY)

Resim 1D:

![cryptococcus-100x.jpg](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/4L10rjzldGVb8Jhd07aKR4i5ldm3dw0L2fA74VUz3zw3ny0iNE-lVqNsc3ZqoADxQKTgtUX5H8vz1UcRKQ1BtGzvCRqHGln1Nvk5x2lKI1e6E5H8OBNEB08Pf5pBLqc6TG4P0m4d)

1. Subakut infarkt

Bu örnek neoplazi şüphesi ile örneklenmiş bir beyin parankim enfarktına aittir.

Küçük büyütmeden vasküler yapıların oldukça belirgin olduğunu görebiliyoruz. Bu vasküler belirginlik klinik ayırıcı tanıda neoplazilerde de bulunduğundan hastadan bu örnekleme yapılmış.

Lezyonda nekroz alanları görülmektedir.

Vasküler yapılar yüksek dereceli tümörlerde görüldüğü gibi glomerüloid morfolojide değildir, endotelyal proliferasyonları yoktur.

Lezyonda geniş, köpüksü sitoplazmalı makrofajlar (histiyositler) görülmektedir. Bu makrofajlar nekrotik debrileri ortadan kaldırmaktadırlar.

Lezyona ait orijinal preperatlarda lezyon çevresinde reaktif astrositler de izlenmektedir.

1. Pilositik Astrositom

Bu lezyon genç bir hastanın serebellar yerleşimli kistik alanlar içeren kitlesinden örneklenmiştir.

Örnek tümüyle neoplazmdan oluşmaktadır. Morfoloji oldukça heterojendir. Daha selüler alanlar yanısıra hiposelüler kistik gevşeme alanları da mevcuttur.

Mitotik aktivite, glomeruloid vasküler prolifeasyon ya da nekroz gibi yüksek dereceli glial tümörlere ait bulgular yoktur.

Özellikle selüler alanlarda karakteristik Rozenthal lifleri ve eozinofilik globoid cisimcikler seçilebilmektedir.

Pilositik astrositomlar DSÖ, derece I tümörlerdir.

1. Meningiom

Bu örnek dura ile ilşkili bir lezyondur. Preperatın bir kenarındaki fibröz doku niteliğinde dura mater üzerinde gelişmiş meningiomda, psammomatöz kalsifikasyon alanlarını görebiliyoruz.

Büyük büyütmelerde hücrelerin sitoplazmik sınırlarını net seçemediğimizi, sinsityal eozinofilik sitoplazmalı olduklarını görebiliyoruz. Hücreler yuvarlak, oval nükleusludur; nükleuslarda yer yer inklüzyonlar da görülmektedir.

Artmış mitoz, nekroz gibi atipi kriterleri taşımadığından ve beyin parankim invazyonu göstermediğinden bu meningiom, DSÖ derece I meningotelyal bir meningiomdur.

References:

Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition, p.829, Figure 22-19

## Lab: Pathology of CNS

Last updated:01/04/2015

Name of the Lecture:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi, Laboratuvar Dersi

Required Prior Knowledge:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi Teorik Derslerinin gözden geçirilmiş olması

Aim of the Lecture:Santral Sinir Sistemi Patolojisi hakkındaki teorik ders bilgilerini pekiştirmek

Goals of the lecture:Santral sinir sisteminin inflamatuar, iskemik ve neoplastik hastalıkları hakkındaki örnek lezyonların histomorfolojik özelliklerinin öğrenilmesi

Slides:

1. Kriptokok menenjiti

Bu örnek uzun süre yoğun bakımda kalmış, immünsüprese bir hastanın otopsisi sırasında beyinden örneklenmiştir. Bu preperata dışarıdan baktığınızda (Resim 1A) gri ve beyaz maddeyi ayırt edebilirsiniz. Korteksin hemen üzerinde araknoid mesafede bir kalınlaşma mevcut. Bu alana mikroskopta baktığımızda yoğun bir akut inflamasyon izlemekteyiz (Resim 1B). Arada küçük, içi boş daireler şeklinde yapılar kriptokoklardır (Resim 1C-1D).

Resim 1A:

![cryptococcus-2x.jpg](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/gbjfCjhxuOPhKo5czKpdbLskSvGqBI_CudrQ2WDJnfIGKfFFTuppXOjBCTgKQWqH_fHwTRwjeYpQMemjptkOn4CeZ6-EDcBLHjRWeazzU-G3gXp9kX3VVtXLvPpWzVRhLUy35_eG)

Resim 1B:

![cryptococcus-10x.jpg](https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/o5LavMTwMMN1dC2lH1IQTxRybnJSlgiwCNKKoUuYPcpALDXNP9cfQL_hOH8-tiy365xEL5NF20ZV68HLJnuWK5p7sL3G3fT0XO-7wo5xcfj1CFu1G2gTugvjKOCKqARMn2SipQe6)

Resim 1C:

![cryptococcus-40x.jpg](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/auV6AjRMn5n1velnb4onyjMah19NtXMWk1artNiQRvC0h0emRK5T1rxxUXlaMV9efqoElqG-9LhdVFWxC9zV1It8famlBwqk6Vm0j76w8KE2SqQoN-HukaZ44eqs6et36hehD6LY)

Resim 1D:

![cryptococcus-100x.jpg](https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/4L10rjzldGVb8Jhd07aKR4i5ldm3dw0L2fA74VUz3zw3ny0iNE-lVqNsc3ZqoADxQKTgtUX5H8vz1UcRKQ1BtGzvCRqHGln1Nvk5x2lKI1e6E5H8OBNEB08Pf5pBLqc6TG4P0m4d)

1. Subakut infarkt

Bu örnek neoplazi şüphesi ile örneklenmiş bir beyin parankim enfarktına aittir.

Küçük büyütmeden vasküler yapıların oldukça belirgin olduğunu görebiliyoruz. Bu vasküler belirginlik klinik ayırıcı tanıda neoplazilerde de bulunduğundan hastadan bu örnekleme yapılmış.

Lezyonda nekroz alanları görülmektedir.

Vasküler yapılar yüksek dereceli tümörlerde görüldüğü gibi glomerüloid morfolojide değildir, endotelyal proliferasyonları yoktur.

Lezyonda geniş, köpüksü sitoplazmalı makrofajlar (histiyositler) görülmektedir. Bu makrofajlar nekrotik debrileri ortadan kaldırmaktadırlar.

Lezyona ait orijinal preperatlarda lezyon çevresinde reaktif astrositler de izlenmektedir.

1. Pilositik Astrositom

Bu lezyon genç bir hastanın serebellar yerleşimli kistik alanlar içeren kitlesinden örneklenmiştir.

Örnek tümüyle neoplazmdan oluşmaktadır. Morfoloji oldukça heterojendir. Daha selüler alanlar yanısıra hiposelüler kistik gevşeme alanları da mevcuttur.

Mitotik aktivite, glomeruloid vasküler prolifeasyon ya da nekroz gibi yüksek dereceli glial tümörlere ait bulgular yoktur.

Özellikle selüler alanlarda karakteristik Rozenthal lifleri ve eozinofilik globoid cisimcikler seçilebilmektedir.

Pilositik astrositomlar DSÖ, derece I tümörlerdir.

1. Meningiom

Bu örnek dura ile ilşkili bir lezyondur. Preperatın bir kenarındaki fibröz doku niteliğinde dura mater üzerinde gelişmiş meningiomda, psammomatöz kalsifikasyon alanlarını görebiliyoruz.

Büyük büyütmelerde hücrelerin sitoplazmik sınırlarını net seçemediğimizi, sinsityal eozinofilik sitoplazmalı olduklarını görebiliyoruz. Hücreler yuvarlak, oval nükleusludur; nükleuslarda yer yer inklüzyonlar da görülmektedir.

Artmış mitoz, nekroz gibi atipi kriterleri taşımadığından ve beyin parankim invazyonu göstermediğinden bu meningiom, DSÖ derece I meningotelyal bir meningiomdur.

References:

Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition, p.829, Figure 22-19

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Multinodular Goitre

PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, THYROID

Papillary Microcarcinoma, Thyroid

Diffuse Hyperplasia Of Thyroid

Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Multinodular Goitre

PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, THYROID

Papillary Microcarcinoma, Thyroid

Diffuse Hyperplasia Of Thyroid

Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

References:

## Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-1

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Multinodular Goitre

PAPILLARY CARCINOMA, THYROID

Papillary Microcarcinoma, Thyroid

Diffuse Hyperplasia Of Thyroid

Chronic Lymphocytic Thyroiditis

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Pituitary adenoma

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

Parathyroid Adenoma

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Pituitary adenoma

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

Parathyroid Adenoma

References:

## Lab: Pathology of Endocrine System-2

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Pituitary adenoma

PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA

Parathyroid Adenoma

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

TUBULAR ADENOMA

Sessile Serrated Adenoma

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

Moderately Differentiated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

TUBULAR ADENOMA

Sessile Serrated Adenoma

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

Moderately Differentiated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

References:

## Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-1

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

TUBULAR ADENOMA

Sessile Serrated Adenoma

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

Moderately Differentiated Colorectal Adenocarcinoma

Poorly Differentiated Gastric CA With Signet Ring Cell Component (Linitis Plastica)

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Acute Appendicitis, Perforated

Ulcer, stomach

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and focal intestinal metaplasia

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Giardiasis, duodenum

İyi diferansiye Nöroendokrin Tümör

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Warthin Tumor

Pleomorphic Adenoma

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Acute Appendicitis, Perforated

Ulcer, stomach

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and focal intestinal metaplasia

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Giardiasis, duodenum

İyi diferansiye Nöroendokrin Tümör

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Warthin Tumor

Pleomorphic Adenoma

References:

## Lab: Pathology of Gastrointestinal Tract-2

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Acute Appendicitis, Perforated

Ulcer, stomach

Chronic Atrophic Gastritis and focal intestinal metaplasia

Enterobius vermicularis, appendix

Giardiasis, duodenum

İyi diferansiye Nöroendokrin Tümör

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Warthin Tumor

Pleomorphic Adenoma

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Leucocytoclastic Vasculitis, Of Skin

Subacute Myocardial Infarction, Organizing Thrombus

Thrombus

Myocardial Infarction

Pyogenic Granuloma

Hemangioma

Venous Thrombosis

* Lökoklastik vaskülit

Normal görünümde epidermis altında, dermisde küçük damarlar çevresinde ve damar duvarında yoğun inflamasyon izlenmiştir. Bu inflamasyon içinde çok sayıda nötrofil lökositler görülmektedir. Endotel lümenlerin birkaçının lümeninde fibrin izlendi. Damar entolleri şişkin. Bazı damar yapılarının lümeni daralmış ve yer yer kapanmış.

17751- Venöz trombüs

Damar duvarına bir alanda tutunan ve damar lümeninin tamamını dolduran trombüs izlenmekte. Trombüs fibrinden oluşmakta. Bir alanda trombüsde organizasyon ve yeni damar oluşumu (rekanalizasyon ) çevresinde kronik inflamatuar hücreler izlenmiştir.

* Pyojenik granülom (lobüler kapiller hemanjiom)

El parmaklarında hızla büyüyen polipod bir lezyon ile başvuran hastanın eksizyon biyopsisinde : dermisde lobüler tarzda gelişim gösteren küçük damar yapılarından oluşan vasküler bir lezyon izlenmiştir. Bu vasküler yapılarda belirgin bir atipi, pleomorfizm, nekroz veya artmış mitoz gibi malignite bulguları içermemektedir.

– Kavernöz hemanjiom

İçleri eritrositler ile dolu, çoğunluğu orta çaplı arter yapılardan oluşan benign vasküler bir neoplazm. Malignite özellikleri ( belirgin bir atipi, pleomorfizm, nekroz veya artmış mitoz gibi) taşımamaktadır.

* Kronik infarkt ve trombüs

Kalp dokusundan alınan kesitlerde yaygın fibrozis ve kronik infarkt bulguları gözükmekte. Myokard içinde bir damarda trombüs oluşumu izlenmekte.

Endokardiyal alanda subakut infarkt alanı ve iltihabi granülasyon dokusu oluşumu izlenmekte. Diğer alanlarda myokard içinde myofibrillerde kayıp, fibrozis ve bir damar içinde trombüz görülmüştür. Aha önce kronik iskemik hastalığı olan vakada yeni iyileşmekte olan subendokardiyak infarkt alanları görülmekte.

Aynı hastaya ait kronik infarkt ve fibrozis alanları

References:

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Leucocytoclastic Vasculitis, Of Skin

Subacute Myocardial Infarction, Organizing Thrombus

Thrombus

Myocardial Infarction

Pyogenic Granuloma

Hemangioma

Venous Thrombosis

* Lökoklastik vaskülit

Normal görünümde epidermis altında, dermisde küçük damarlar çevresinde ve damar duvarında yoğun inflamasyon izlenmiştir. Bu inflamasyon içinde çok sayıda nötrofil lökositler görülmektedir. Endotel lümenlerin birkaçının lümeninde fibrin izlendi. Damar entolleri şişkin. Bazı damar yapılarının lümeni daralmış ve yer yer kapanmış.

17751- Venöz trombüs

Damar duvarına bir alanda tutunan ve damar lümeninin tamamını dolduran trombüs izlenmekte. Trombüs fibrinden oluşmakta. Bir alanda trombüsde organizasyon ve yeni damar oluşumu (rekanalizasyon ) çevresinde kronik inflamatuar hücreler izlenmiştir.

* Pyojenik granülom (lobüler kapiller hemanjiom)

El parmaklarında hızla büyüyen polipod bir lezyon ile başvuran hastanın eksizyon biyopsisinde : dermisde lobüler tarzda gelişim gösteren küçük damar yapılarından oluşan vasküler bir lezyon izlenmiştir. Bu vasküler yapılarda belirgin bir atipi, pleomorfizm, nekroz veya artmış mitoz gibi malignite bulguları içermemektedir.

– Kavernöz hemanjiom

İçleri eritrositler ile dolu, çoğunluğu orta çaplı arter yapılardan oluşan benign vasküler bir neoplazm. Malignite özellikleri ( belirgin bir atipi, pleomorfizm, nekroz veya artmış mitoz gibi) taşımamaktadır.

* Kronik infarkt ve trombüs

Kalp dokusundan alınan kesitlerde yaygın fibrozis ve kronik infarkt bulguları gözükmekte. Myokard içinde bir damarda trombüs oluşumu izlenmekte.

Endokardiyal alanda subakut infarkt alanı ve iltihabi granülasyon dokusu oluşumu izlenmekte. Diğer alanlarda myokard içinde myofibrillerde kayıp, fibrozis ve bir damar içinde trombüz görülmüştür. Aha önce kronik iskemik hastalığı olan vakada yeni iyileşmekte olan subendokardiyak infarkt alanları görülmekte.

Aynı hastaya ait kronik infarkt ve fibrozis alanları

References:

## Lab: Pathology of Heart and Vascular Diseases

Last updated:

Name of the Lecture:

Required Prior Knowledge:

Aim of the Lecture:

Goals of the lecture:

Slides:

Leucocytoclastic Vasculitis, Of Skin

Subacute Myocardial Infarction, Organizing Thrombus

Thrombus

Myocardial Infarction

Pyogenic Granuloma

Hemangioma

Venous Thrombosis

* Lökoklastik vaskülit

Normal görünümde epidermis altında, dermisde küçük damarlar çevresinde ve damar duvarında yoğun inflamasyon izlenmiştir. Bu inflamasyon içinde çok sayıda nötrofil lökositler görülmektedir. Endotel lümenlerin birkaçının lümeninde fibrin izlendi. Damar entolleri şişkin. Bazı damar yapılarının lümeni daralmış ve yer yer kapanmış.

17751- Venöz trombüs

Damar duvarına bir alanda tutunan ve damar lümeninin tamamını dolduran trombüs izlenmekte. Trombüs fibrinden oluşmakta. Bir alanda trombüsde organizasyon ve yeni damar oluşumu (rekanalizasyon ) çevresinde kronik inflamatuar hücreler izlenmiştir.

* Pyojenik granülom (lobüler kapiller hemanjiom)

El parmaklarında hızla büyüyen polipod bir lezyon ile başvuran hastanın eksizyon biyopsisinde : dermisde lobüler tarzda gelişim gösteren küçük damar yapılarından oluşan vasküler bir lezyon izlenmiştir. Bu vasküler yapılarda belirgin bir atipi, pleomorfizm, nekroz veya artmış mitoz gibi malignite bulguları içermemektedir.

– Kavernöz hemanjiom

İçleri eritrositler ile dolu, çoğunluğu orta çaplı arter yapılardan oluşan benign vasküler bir neoplazm. Malignite özellikleri ( belirgin bir atipi, pleomorfizm, nekroz veya artmış mitoz gibi) taşımamaktadır.

* Kronik infarkt ve trombüs

Kalp dokusundan alınan kesitlerde yaygın fibrozis ve kronik infarkt bulguları gözükmekte. Myokard içinde bir damarda trombüs oluşumu izlenmekte.

Endokardiyal alanda subakut infarkt alanı ve iltihabi granülasyon dokusu oluşumu izlenmekte. Diğer alanlarda myokard içinde myofibrillerde kayıp, fibrozis ve bir damar içinde trombüz görülmüştür. Aha önce kronik iskemik hastalığı olan vakada yeni iyileşmekte olan subendokardiyak infarkt alanları görülmekte.

Aynı hastaya ait kronik infarkt ve fibrozis alanları

References:


# Lab Hemodynamic Disorders


# Lab: Pathology of CNS


# Public Health

#### [Can the Power of Prayer Alone Stop a Pandemic like the Coronavirus? Even the Prophet Muhammad Thought Otherwise | Opinion](https://www.newsweek.com/prophet-prayer-muhammad-covid-19-coronavirus-1492798?amp=1)

{% embed url="<https://www.newsweek.com/prophet-prayer-muhammad-covid-19-coronavirus-1492798?amp=1>" %}

#### Cancer Screening

[Timely Topics Lecture 2018: Overdiagnosis & Cancer Screening: Challenges Posed by Birds, Rabbits and Turtles](https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/7025/)

[![](https://embedwistia-a.akamaihd.net/deliveries/4843c938d0b74da25e3bcbb836a729d69a39e0d6.jpg?image_play_button_size=2x\&image_crop_resized=960x540\&image_play_button=1\&image_play_button_color=54bbffe0)](https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/7025/video_presentations/102016?wvideo=5bsp1qcxat)

[Timely Topics Lecture 2018: Overdiagnosis & Cancer Screening: Challenges Posed by Birds, Rabbits and Turtles | USCAP eLearning](https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/7025/video_presentations/102016?wvideo=5bsp1qcxat)

#### Venezuela's public health crisis: a regional emergency.

Lancet. 2019 Mar 11. pii: S0140-6736(19)30344-7. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)30344-7. \[Epub ahead of print]

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30871722>" %}

#### [Spring Residents Forum 2020 - CAP Foundation Update](https://www.facebook.com/capathologists/videos/2749888985065562/?notif_id=1582940973006955\&notif_t=live_video_explicit)

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/capathologists/videos/2749888985065562/?notif_id=1582940973006955&notif_t=live_video_explicit>" %}


# Infectious Diseases


# Vaccination

#### [Polio Vaccinator Is Shot and Killed in Pakistan](https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/world/asia/polio-vaccine-pakistan.html)

{% embed url="<https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/25/world/asia/polio-vaccine-pakistan.html>" %}

#### Spanish Flu in [Disease, War and The Lost Generation I BETWEEN 2 WARS I 1918 Part 2 of 2](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sE0-WWqhFls)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sE0-WWqhFls>" %}


# Fungal Diseases

#### Aspergillosis

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/raq_rivero/status/1222878184946966531?s=20>" %}


# Parasitic Diseases

{% embed url="<https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm2303713>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.instagram.com/p/B6g8Xa-DkCE/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1v55yg0RfoY>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MxiWp8vkRFI>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.instagram.com/p/CDhK6K8Br3c/?utm_source=ig_web_copy_link>" %}


# Systemic Pathology


# Endocrine Pathology

## Adrenal Bez Hastalıkları

{% embed url="<https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/e/2PACX-1vQ4lqEGKc4FJGF6y8OE2XJYJ_z2FP3SYTdONSdfOVe5i9zT2JIxJagy6nlZyGTte41RhOQPIRjbvYGI/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000>" %}


# Gastrointestinal Pathology

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/drkeithsiau/status/1777419103499686134>" %}


# Esophagus Pathology

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/theawkwardyeti/status/1550548388243902464>" %}


# Stomach

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/vlandestino/status/1601183991415001088>" %}


# Duodenal Biopsy

#### [Thunderstorm-triggered asthma attacks put under the microscope in Australia](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8U5qL4-Kf7w)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8U5qL4-Kf7w>" %}

#### [Bugs, sprue, drugs and more: adventures in the small intestine](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZNH8z9-_fU)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oZNH8z9-_fU>" %}

#### Differential Diagnosis of the Flat Duodenal Biopsy

![](/files/hbhBsn4a3kkMCqhwGReG)

#### \*\*\*\*

#### [**A gut bacterial pathway metabolizes aromatic amino acids into nine circulating metabolites.**](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29168502/)\*\*\*\*

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29168502/>" %}

#### GIPath Tweets

This is the list of Gastrointestinal Pathology (GIPath) Tweets collected automatically via `R`.

[GIPathTweets2019-07-08.md](https://github.com/sbalci/ParaPathology/tree/7b853c5e0793aa3f04000d8577340e5623b2678c/systemic-pathology/gastrointestinal-pathology/pathTweets/GIPathTweets2019-07-08.md)


# Polyps

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/Vik_deshpandeMD/status/1487556902972239876>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?ab_channel=vikramdeshpande&v=k3aoMTPae3g>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/simongerman600/status/1766550781983969779>" %}


# Colon and Rectum

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/mreyesm/status/1675213849081815041>" %}

[Non-neoplastic colorectal disease biopsies: evaluation and differential diagnosis | Journal of Clinical Pathology](https://jcp.bmj.com/content/73/12/783)

### Sampling and Reporting of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

<https://journals.lww.com/anatomicpathology/abstract/2022/01000/sampling\\_and\\_reporting\\_of\\_inflammatory\\_bowel.4.aspx>


# Colon Colorectal Carcinoma

## Molecular Pathology of Colorectal Cancer

Harada, Shuko MD; Morlote, Diana MD[Author Information ](https://journals.lww.com/anatomicpathology/Abstract/2020/01000/Molecular_Pathology_of_Colorectal_Cancer.4.aspx#)Advances In Anatomic Pathology: [January 2020 - Volume 27 - Issue 1 - p 20-26](https://journals.lww.com/anatomicpathology/toc/2020/01000)doi: 10.1097/PAP.0000000000000247

{% embed url="<https://journals.lww.com/anatomicpathology/Abstract/2020/01000/Molecular:Pathology:of:Colorectal:Cancer.4.aspx>" %}

## Approval of pembrolizumab (MSI- H/dMMR) and considerations for site-agnostic development of drugs in oncology

<https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/presentation/presentation-session-5-approval-pembrolizumab-msi-h/dmmr-considerations-site-agnostic-development-drugs-oncology-steven-lemery_en.pdf>

## Template for Reporting Results of Biomarker Testing of Specimens From Patients With Carcinoma of the Colon and Rectum

<https://documents.cap.org/protocols/cp-gilower-colonrectum-14biomarker-1201.pdf>

## NCCN Guidelines Colon Cancer

<https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/colon.pdf>

## FDA Approves First-Line Immunotherapy for Patients with MSI-H/dMMR Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

<https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-line-immunotherapy-patients-msi-hdmmr-metastatic-colorectal-cancer>

## Lynch syndrome screening in colorectal cancer: results of a prospective 2-year regional programme validating the NICE diagnostics guidance pathway throughout a 5.2-million population

[Lynch syndrome screening in colorectal cancer: results of a prospective 2-year regional programme validating the NICE diagnostics guidance pathway throughout a 5.2-million population](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/his.14390/full)

Comprehensive clinicopathologic, molecular, and immunologic characterization of colorectal carcinomas with loss of three intestinal markers, CDX2, SATB2, and KRT20

<https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00428-021-03260-w>


# Malignant Colorectal Polyps

#### [Malignant colorectal polyps](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896747/)

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2896747/>" %}

#### [Management of malignant colon polyps: Current status and controversies](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4239505/)

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4239505/>" %}

## [Haggitt classification](http://www.ganfyd.org/index.php?title=Haggitt_classification) <a href="#firstheading" id="firstheading"></a>

{% embed url="<http://www.ganfyd.org/index.php?title=Haggitt_classification>" %}


# Neuropathology

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gNjnwlwQ20>" %}

* The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary.

[Acta Neuropathol.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27157931#) 2016 Jun;131(6):803-20. doi: 10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1. Epub 2016 May 9.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27157931>

<https://braintumor.org/wp-content/assets/WHO-Central-Nervous-System-Tumor-Classification.pdf>

* The 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System: a summary.

[Acta Neuropathol.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27157931#) 2016 Jun;131(6):803-20. doi: 10.1007/s00401-016-1545-1. Epub 2016 May 9.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=27157931>

{% embed url="<https://braintumor.org/wp-content/assets/WHO-Central-Nervous-System-Tumor-Classification.pdf>" %}

## Surgical Neuropathology Pearls - Dr. Fausto Rodriguez

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gNjnwlwQ20>

## Surgical Neuropathology Pearls - Dr. Fausto Rodriguez

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2gNjnwlwQ20>" %}


# Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

## Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

## Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

Name of the Lecture:

Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

Required Prior Knowledge:

* Basic vascular anatomy of CNS
* Basic gross anatomy of cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
* Basic histology of cell types in CNS
* Basic physiology of cerebrospinal fluid
* Basic physiology of blood brain barrier

Aim of the Lecture:

* To teach basic injury response of CNS to various lesions
* To teach pathology of fluid flows in CNS and pathologies related to vascular lesions

Goals of the lecture:

The students will learn:

* The basic reaction patterns to injury in CNS and how it differs from those of other organ systems
* Fluid imbalances in CNS
* Pathologies of flow of cerebrospinal fluid
* Cerebrovascular diseases
* The pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, their macroscopic and microscopic features

The students will compare the morpgologic and pathophysiologic features with clinical presentations.

Lecture Outlines:

* Patterns of injury in the nervous system
* * Neuronal Injury, Red Neurons
  * Astrocytic reaction to the injury, Gliosis
* Edema
* * Vasogenic Edema
  * Cytotoxic Edema
* Herniation
* * Subfalcine (cingulate) herniation
  * Transtentorial (uncinate) herniation
  * Tonsillar herniation
* Hydrocephalus
* * Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
  * Communicating hydrocephalus
* Cerebrovascular Diseases
* * Stroke
  * Hypoxia
  * Global Ischemia
  * Focal Ischemia
  * Nonhemorrhagic Infarcts
  * Hemorrhagic Infarcts
  * Intracranial Hemorrhage
  * Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
  * Saccular Aneurysms
  * Vascular Malformations
  * Hypertensive Cerebrovascular Diseases
  * Vasculitis

References:

Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition, pp: 811, 812-813, 814-819

Name of the Lecture:

Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

Required Prior Knowledge:

* Basic vascular anatomy of CNS
* Basic gross anatomy of cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
* Basic histology of cell types in CNS
* Basic physiology of cerebrospinal fluid
* Basic physiology of blood brain barrier

Aim of the Lecture:

* To teach basic injury response of CNS to various lesions
* To teach pathology of fluid flows in CNS and pathologies related to vascular lesions

Goals of the lecture:

The students will learn:

* The basic reaction patterns to injury in CNS and how it differs from those of other organ systems
* Fluid imbalances in CNS
* Pathologies of flow of cerebrospinal fluid
* Cerebrovascular diseases
* The pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, their macroscopic and microscopic features

The students will compare the morpgologic and pathophysiologic features with clinical presentations.

Lecture Outlines:

* Patterns of injury in the nervous system
* * Neuronal Injury, Red Neurons
  * Astrocytic reaction to the injury, Gliosis
* Edema
* * Vasogenic Edema
  * Cytotoxic Edema
* Herniation
* * Subfalcine (cingulate) herniation
  * Transtentorial (uncinate) herniation
  * Tonsillar herniation
* Hydrocephalus
* * Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
  * Communicating hydrocephalus
* Cerebrovascular Diseases
* * Stroke
  * Hypoxia
  * Global Ischemia
  * Focal Ischemia
  * Nonhemorrhagic Infarcts
  * Hemorrhagic Infarcts
  * Intracranial Hemorrhage
  * Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
  * Saccular Aneurysms
  * Vascular Malformations
  * Hypertensive Cerebrovascular Diseases
  * Vasculitis

References:

Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition, pp: 811, 812-813, 814-819

Name of the Lecture:

Injury in central nervous system and cerebrovascular diseases

Required Prior Knowledge:

* Basic vascular anatomy of CNS
* Basic gross anatomy of cerebral hemispheres and cerebellum
* Basic histology of cell types in CNS
* Basic physiology of cerebrospinal fluid
* Basic physiology of blood brain barrier

Aim of the Lecture:

* To teach basic injury response of CNS to various lesions
* To teach pathology of fluid flows in CNS and pathologies related to vascular lesions

Goals of the lecture:

The students will learn:

* The basic reaction patterns to injury in CNS and how it differs from those of other organ systems
* Fluid imbalances in CNS
* Pathologies of flow of cerebrospinal fluid
* Cerebrovascular diseases
* The pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases, their macroscopic and microscopic features

The students will compare the morpgologic and pathophysiologic features with clinical presentations.

Lecture Outlines:

* Patterns of injury in the nervous system
* * Neuronal Injury, Red Neurons
  * Astrocytic reaction to the injury, Gliosis
* Edema
* * Vasogenic Edema
  * Cytotoxic Edema
* Herniation
* * Subfalcine (cingulate) herniation
  * Transtentorial (uncinate) herniation
  * Tonsillar herniation
* Hydrocephalus
* * Noncommunicating hydrocephalus
  * Communicating hydrocephalus
* Cerebrovascular Diseases
* * Stroke
  * Hypoxia
  * Global Ischemia
  * Focal Ischemia
  * Nonhemorrhagic Infarcts
  * Hemorrhagic Infarcts
  * Intracranial Hemorrhage
  * Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
  * Saccular Aneurysms
  * Vascular Malformations
  * Hypertensive Cerebrovascular Diseases
  * Vasculitis

References:

Robbins Basic Pathology, 9th edition, pp: 811, 812-813, 814-819


# Gliomlar

{% embed url="<https://www.instagram.com/p/B4LDf5chktG/?utm_source=ig_web_button_share_sheet>" %}

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0TIjXtaGSr4>" %}


# Bone and Soft Tissue

## [Yumuşak Doku ve Kemik Patolojisi](https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/sistem-patolojisi-cerrahi-patoloji/yumuşak-doku-ve-kemik-patolojisi) <a href="#h.p_z_qarbgcjoqv" id="h.p_z_qarbgcjoqv"></a>

{% embed url="<https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/sistem-patolojisi-cerrahi-patoloji/yumuşak-doku-ve-kemik-patolojisi>" %}


# Yumuşak doku tümörleri

## [Yumuşak doku tümörleri](https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/sistem-patolojisi-cerrahi-patoloji/yumuşak-doku-ve-kemik-patolojisi/yumuşak-doku-tümörleri) <a href="#h.p_gtpqrppajqnf" id="h.p_gtpqrppajqnf"></a>

{% embed url="<https://sites.google.com/view/patolojinotlari/sistem-patolojisi-cerrahi-patoloji/yumuşak-doku-ve-kemik-patolojisi/yumuşak-doku-tümörleri>" %}


# Approach to Soft Tissue Tumors

## Approach to Soft Tissue Tumors

## USCAP: Jason Hornick's Deep Soft Tissue Tumors, Spindle Cell Tumors

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0987zsl60Y>

## Pathology Insights - Soft Tissue Pathology with John Goldblum, MD

well-differentiated lipomatous tumors

<https://youtu.be/kMKZdlyS0b8?list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR>

## USCAP: Jason Hornick's Deep Soft Tissue Tumors, Spindle Cell Tumors

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0987zsl60Y>

## Pathology Insights - Soft Tissue Pathology with John Goldblum, MD

well-differentiated lipomatous tumors

<https://youtu.be/kMKZdlyS0b8?list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR>

## USCAP: Jason Hornick's Deep Soft Tissue Tumors, Spindle Cell Tumors

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0987zsl60Y>

## Pathology Insights - Soft Tissue Pathology with John Goldblum, MD

well-differentiated lipomatous tumors

<https://youtu.be/kMKZdlyS0b8?list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR>

## USCAP: Jason Hornick's Deep Soft Tissue Tumors, Spindle Cell Tumors

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z0987zsl60Y>

## Pathology Insights - Soft Tissue Pathology with John Goldblum, MD

well-differentiated lipomatous tumors

<https://youtu.be/kMKZdlyS0b8?list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR>


# Bone Pathology

* **Pathology Insights - Osteoblastic Lesions with Scott Kilpatrick, MD**

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_SFRMD-7uk&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR&index=1>

* **Pathology Insights - Osteoblastic Lesions with Scott Kilpatrick, MD**

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v_SFRMD-7uk&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR&index=1>


# Liver Pathology

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qybv41xPd_g>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/drkeithsiau/status/1741419245966184890>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/drkeithsiau/status/1741378346569605364>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/sumeyra_md/status/1526277910956474376>" %}


# Approach to Liver Biopsies

#### [USCAP: Wendy Frankel's Gastrointestinal and Liver Pathology](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGC1RcAEqiY)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGC1RcAEqiY>" %}

#### [The Almost-Normal Liver Biopsy: Presentation, Clinical Associations, and Outcome](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614198)

Am J Surg Pathol. 2017 Sep;41(9):1247-1253. doi: 10.1097/PAS.0000000000000881.

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28614198>" %}


# Hepatitis C

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/NobelPrize/status/1313046879400275968?s=20>" %}


# Pancreas

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/SaeedAsiry/status/1766230278388043858>" %}

<https://www.pancreapedia.org/reviews/anatomy-and-histology-of-pancreas>

Longnecker, Daniel S. 2021. Anatomy and Histology of the Pancreas.\
[*Pancreapedia: Exocrine Pancreas Knowledge Base*](http://www.pancreapedia.org/), DOI: [10.3998/panc.2021.01](http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/panc.2021.01)

2016 MSK Alumni Conference - Olca Basturk, MD

"Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas"

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SczxrGVnnu4&feature=youtu.be>

* Ralph Hruban, M.D. explains pancreas cancer

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48qu9qqEF9E>

* Classification, Morphology, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Outcome of Premalignant Lesions of the Pancreas

<http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/abs/10.5858/arpa.2016-0426-RA?code=coap-site>

* Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas by Dr. Hruban

<https://www.facebook.com/pathCast/videos/624508664558458/>

* Cystic lesions of the pancreas by Dr. Liz Thompson

<https://www.facebook.com/pathCast/videos/634457780230213/>

* 2016 MSK Alumni Conference - Olca Basturk, MD

"Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm of the Pancreas"

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SczxrGVnnu4&feature=youtu.be>

* Ralph Hruban, M.D. explains pancreas cancer

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=48qu9qqEF9E>

* Classification, Morphology, Molecular Pathogenesis, and Outcome of Premalignant Lesions of the Pancreas

<http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/abs/10.5858/arpa.2016-0426-RA?code=coap-site>

* Ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas by Dr. Hruban

<https://www.facebook.com/pathCast/videos/624508664558458/>

* Cystic lesions of the pancreas by Dr. Liz Thompson

<https://www.facebook.com/pathCast/videos/634457780230213/>


# Gallbladder

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/drkeithsiau/status/1657761787024924673?s=20>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/Vik_deshpandeMD/status/1483603512147775497>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/mj_pucci/status/1640143704089325570?s=20>" %}


# Lung

## [6 patterns of pulmonary pathology](https://www.6patterns.org/)

{% embed url="<https://www.6patterns.org/>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/Morbidful/status/1762908634042839529>" %}

### Covid ARDS

{% embed url="<https://www.nytimes.com/video/health/100000007056651/covid-ards-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome.html>" %}

### Lung Pathology slide seminar by Dr. Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, a pulmonary pathologist and textbook author

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIC49YSRX_I>" %}

### Pathology Insights - Usual Interstitial Pneumonia with Carol Farver, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqVXYN7nd4o&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR&index=3>" %}

### Pathology Insights - Diagnosing Lung Cancer on Small Specimens with Jordan Reynolds, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-1GsEFZF6o&index=4&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR>" %}

### Pathology Insights: Atypical Epithelial Cells with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KubN41tSBMQ>" %}

### Pathology Insights: Lung Cancer or Metastasis to Lung? with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD

Can metastases to the lung occur from cancers that were treated several years ago? Dr. Mukhopadhyay discusses.

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=12&v=izA_lNicFDs>" %}

### Metastasis to the Lung From Carcinomas of Nonpulmonary Sites After Prolonged Disease-free Intervals. Mukhopadhyay S, et al. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2017.

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28248821/>" %}

### Does Strong and Diffuse PAX-8 Positivity Occur in Primary Lung Carcinoma? An Immunohistochemical Study of 418 Cases and Review of the Literature.

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28777151>" %}

### Lung Pathology slide seminar by Dr. Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, a pulmonary pathologist and textbook author

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIC49YSRX_I>" %}

### Pathology Insights - Usual Interstitial Pneumonia with Carol Farver, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqVXYN7nd4o&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR&index=3>" %}

### Pathology Insights - Diagnosing Lung Cancer on Small Specimens with Jordan Reynolds, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-1GsEFZF6o&index=4&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR>" %}

### Pathology Insights: Atypical Epithelial Cells with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KubN41tSBMQ>" %}

### Pathology Insights: Lung Cancer or Metastasis to Lung? with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD

Can metastases to the lung occur from cancers that were treated several years ago? Dr. Mukhopadhyay discusses.

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=12&v=izA_lNicFDs>" %}

### Metastasis to the Lung From Carcinomas of Nonpulmonary Sites After Prolonged Disease-free Intervals. Mukhopadhyay S, et al. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2017.

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28248821/>" %}

### Does Strong and Diffuse PAX-8 Positivity Occur in Primary Lung Carcinoma? An Immunohistochemical Study of 418 Cases and Review of the Literature.

{% embed url="<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28777151>" %}

### Is there a smoker’s paradox in COVID-19?

[Usman MS, Siddiqi TJ, Khan MS, et al Is there a smoker’s paradox in COVID-19? BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine Published Online First: 11 August 2020. doi: 10.1136/bmjebm-2020-111492](https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/08/11/bmjebm-2020-111492)

{% embed url="<https://ebm.bmj.com/content/early/2020/08/11/bmjebm-2020-111492>" %}

## Lung

### Covid ARDS

{% embed url="<https://www.nytimes.com/video/health/100000007056651/covid-ards-acute-respiratory-distress-syndrome.html>" %}

### Lung Pathology slide seminar by Dr. Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, a pulmonary pathologist and textbook author

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIC49YSRX_I>" %}

### Pathology Insights - Usual Interstitial Pneumonia with Carol Farver, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqVXYN7nd4o&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR&index=3>" %}

### Pathology Insights - Diagnosing Lung Cancer on Small Specimens with Jordan Reynolds, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-1GsEFZF6o&index=4&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR>" %}

### Pathology Insights: Atypical Epithelial Cells with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KubN41tSBMQ>" %}

### Pathology Insights: Lung Cancer or Metastasis to Lung? with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD

Can metastases to the lung occur from cancers that were treated several years ago? Dr. Mukhopadhyay discusses.

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=12&v=izA_lNicFDs>" %}

### Metastasis to the Lung From Carcinomas of Nonpulmonary Sites After Prolonged Disease-free Intervals. Mukhopadhyay S, et al. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2017.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28248821/>

### Does Strong and Diffuse PAX-8 Positivity Occur in Primary Lung Carcinoma? An Immunohistochemical Study of 418 Cases and Review of the Literature.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28777151>

* Lung Pathology slide seminar by Dr. Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, a pulmonary pathologist and textbook author

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIC49YSRX_I>

* Pathology Insights - Usual Interstitial Pneumonia with Carol Farver, MD

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqVXYN7nd4o&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR&index=3>

* Pathology Insights - Diagnosing Lung Cancer on Small Specimens with Jordan Reynolds, MD

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-1GsEFZF6o&index=4&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR>

* Pathology Insights: Atypical Epithelial Cells with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KubN41tSBMQ>

* Pathology Insights: Lung Cancer or Metastasis to Lung? with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD

Can metastases to the lung occur from cancers that were treated several years ago? Dr. Mukhopadhyay discusses.

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=12&v=izA_lNicFDs>

* Metastasis to the Lung From Carcinomas of Nonpulmonary Sites After Prolonged Disease-free Intervals. Mukhopadhyay S, et al. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol. 2017. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/m/pubmed/28248821/>
* Does Strong and Diffuse PAX-8 Positivity Occur in Primary Lung Carcinoma? An Immunohistochemical Study of 418 Cases and Review of the Literature. <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28777151>

## Smoking and the lung: Landmark papers (1929–2023)

<https://journals.lww.com/jdap/fulltext/2024/01010/smoking\\_and\\_the\\_lung\\_\\_landmark\\_papers\\_\\_1929\\_2023\\_.2.aspx>


# Medical Kidney

* Pathology Insights - Medical Kidney Pathology with Leal Herlitz, MD

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNB2gJKOaYY&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR&index=2>

* Renal Pathology Tutorial

<https://ukidney.com/renal-pathology-tutorial>

* Pathology Insights - Medical Kidney Pathology with Leal Herlitz, MD

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NNB2gJKOaYY&list=PL5Sz1btoV3kFwtba5Mp7nBdfamOXoX5UR&index=2>

* Renal Pathology Tutorial

<https://ukidney.com/renal-pathology-tutorial>


# Unnecessary Thyroid FNAC


# Salivary Gland

#### [The Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland](http://milansystem.org/)

{% embed url="<http://milansystem.org/>" %}


# Head and Neck

#### [Neck dissections: A practical guide for the reporting histopathologist](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228619606_Neck_dissections_A_practical_guide_for_the_reporting_histopathologist)

Current Diagnostic Pathology 13(6):499-511 2007 DOI: 10.1016/j.cdip.2007.06.007

{% embed url="<https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228619606_Neck_dissections_A_practical_guide_for_the_reporting_histopathologist>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/NEJM/status/1746925314754920825>" %}


# Thymus

#### [Pathology Insights: Basics of Thymic Pathology with Sanjay Mukhopadhyay, MD](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIr-T0gBM6I\&feature=youtu.be)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sIr-T0gBM6I&feature=youtu.be>" %}


# Breast Pathology

## Breast Cancer Residual Cancer Burden

<https://www.mdanderson.org/for-physicians/clinical-tools-resources/clinical-calculators/residual-cancer-burden.html>

## Graphical Illustrations of Percentage Cancer Cellularity

<https://www.mdanderson.org/education-and-research/resources-for-professionals/clinical-tools-and-resources/clinical-calculators/calculators-cellularity-guide.pdf?_ga=2.210462993.524733546.1615899231-1743274977.1615899229>

## \*\*\*\*[**The Maude Abbott Lecture 2016 - Presented by Dr. Stuart Schnitt**](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8MaqvjKmqY)\*\*\*\*

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d8MaqvjKmqY>" %}

\*\*\*\*[**Recurrent problems in Breast Pathology**](https://www.facebook.com/TheUSCAP/videos/1637583032933514/)\*\*\*\*

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/TheUSCAP/videos/1637583032933514/>" %}

\*\*\*\*

Pathologists are hypercorrect.

Intraductal Proliferative Lesions, Microinvasion, and Columnar Cell Lesions Stuart J. Schnitt, MD USCAP 1.16.2020

<https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/15308/webinars/7280>


# Transplantation Pathology

#### [Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease — Biologic Process, Prevention, and Therapy](http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1609337)

{% embed url="<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1609337>" %}


# Immune System

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/pedromics/posts/1923866291139387>" %}

#### [ISIMM Webinars](https://isimm.org/education/isimm-webinars/)

| Wednesday, May 24, 2023 | [***A Neoclassical Evaluation of Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma***](https://isimm.org/education/isimm-webinars/a-neoclassical-evaluation-of-classical-hodgkin-lymphoma/) | Dennis O’Malley |
| ----------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- |


# Adrenal

{% embed url="<https://www.instagram.com/p/Cb4WbAGL7YF>" %}


# Uropathology

## Uropathology

* **#GUpath - Benign mimics in the urinary bladder & prostate - Dr. Williamson (Henry Ford)**

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9V4YAAW1XRg>

* Pseudoneoplastic mimics of prostate and bladder carcinomas. [Omar Hameed and Peter A. Humphrey (2010) Pseudoneoplastic Mimics of Prostate and Bladder Carcinomas. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: March 2010, Vol. 134, No. 3, pp. 427-443.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/1543-2165-134.3.427)
* Benign mimickers of prostatic adenocarcinoma [Modern Pathology (2004) 17, 328–348, advance online publication, 13 February 2004; doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800055](http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v17/n3/full/3800055a.html)
* **#GUpath - Benign mimics in the urinary bladder & prostate - Dr. Williamson (Henry Ford)**

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9V4YAAW1XRg>

* Pseudoneoplastic mimics of prostate and bladder carcinomas. [Omar Hameed and Peter A. Humphrey (2010) Pseudoneoplastic Mimics of Prostate and Bladder Carcinomas. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: March 2010, Vol. 134, No. 3, pp. 427-443.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/1543-2165-134.3.427)
* Benign mimickers of prostatic adenocarcinoma [Modern Pathology (2004) 17, 328–348, advance online publication, 13 February 2004; doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800055](http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v17/n3/full/3800055a.html)
* **#GUpath - Benign mimics in the urinary bladder & prostate - Dr. Williamson (Henry Ford)**

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9V4YAAW1XRg>

* Pseudoneoplastic mimics of prostate and bladder carcinomas. [Omar Hameed and Peter A. Humphrey (2010) Pseudoneoplastic Mimics of Prostate and Bladder Carcinomas. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: March 2010, Vol. 134, No. 3, pp. 427-443.](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/full/10.1043/1543-2165-134.3.427)
* Benign mimickers of prostatic adenocarcinoma [Modern Pathology (2004) 17, 328–348, advance online publication, 13 February 2004; doi:10.1038/modpathol.3800055](http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v17/n3/full/3800055a.html)


# Prostate Pathology

## Prostate Pathology

## Prostate Pathology

* A NEW CONTEMPORARY PROSTATE CANCER GRADING SYSTEM

<http://pathology.jhu.edu/ProstateCancer/NewGradingSystem.pdf>

* Intra-surgical total and re-constructible pathological prostate examination for safer margins and nerve preservation (Istanbul preserve)

<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1092913417302265>

* A NEW CONTEMPORARY PROSTATE CANCER GRADING SYSTEM

<http://pathology.jhu.edu/ProstateCancer/NewGradingSystem.pdf>

* Intra-surgical total and re-constructible pathological prostate examination for safer margins and nerve preservation (Istanbul preserve)

<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1092913417302265>

* A NEW CONTEMPORARY PROSTATE CANCER GRADING SYSTEM

<http://pathology.jhu.edu/ProstateCancer/NewGradingSystem.pdf>

* Intra-surgical total and re-constructible pathological prostate examination for safer margins and nerve preservation (Istanbul preserve)

<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1092913417302265>


# Bone

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/Vik_deshpandeMD/status/1557700323749367809>" %}


# Soft Tissue

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eyYTHn2JLgI>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/AbhijitSurgPath/status/1652248222574997505?s=20>" %}


# Gynecological Pathology

{% embed url="<https://www.behance.net/gallery/82752197/The-Menstrual-Cycle-Scientific-American>" %}

![](https://mir-s3-cdn-cf.behance.net/project_modules/2800_opt_1/7c180282752197.5db1c09eee3ff.jpg)


# Approach to Endometrial Biopsies

<http://endometrium.org/>


# Immunohistochemistry in Gynecological Pathology

## Immunohistochemistry in Gynecological Pathology

## Immunohistochemistry in Gynecologic Pathology: An Example-Based Practical Update

Natalia Buza and Pei Hui (2017) Immunohistochemistry in Gynecologic Pathology: An Example-Based Practical Update. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: August 2017, Vol. 141, No. 8, pp. 1052-1071.

<https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0541-RA>


# Dermatopathology

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=98Z5T4AWfUI>" %}


# Organ Independent Pathology

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/Vik_deshpandeMD/status/1484625783641427972>" %}


# Pathologist

#### Attributes of a Pathologist

What makes a good pathologist? First of all, I think you have to be good at pattern recognition... You have to be thorough in your thinking, "Well, if I haven't seen this before, what must I do to try and make the diagnosis? Must I do some more special stains? Must I show it to somebody else? Must I read up in the books about it?" And you have to be quite determined to find out. **Paola Domizio** (UK)

{% embed url="<https://www.pathsoc.org/conversations/index.php?option=com_content&view=category&layout=blog&id=35&Itemid=78>" %}

#### Choosing a Pathology Subspecialty: Have You Considered Patient Contact?

{% embed url="<http://www.pathspective.com/pathology-subspecialty-patient-contact/>" %}

####

#### Collections

* This is what we should be doing. Collect, Catalog, Classify and Share. [#**pathologists**](https://twitter.com/hashtag/pathologists?src=hash) are ambitious collectors who make catalogs of diseases. Collections should be mandatory for residents and educational departments.

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/serdarbalci/status/948532412606230528>" %}

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/smlungpathguy/status/948178150969761792>" %}

#### Lauren V. Ackerman: a wit, a rogue, a giant: selected anecdotes

I suggest the [#**pathologist**](https://twitter.com/hashtag/pathologist?src=hash) to keep a copy of this [#**article**](https://twitter.com/hashtag/article?src=hash) by Prof [@**juan\_rosai**](https://twitter.com/juan_rosai) on your drawer and read it once in a while

{% embed url="<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0740257008000531>" %}

#### Also known as

Someone who does precision guesswork based on unreliable data provided by those of questionable knowledge

{% embed url="<https://twitter.com/roland_jong/status/1115639058179526656>" %}

####

#### Name of the Lecture:Pathology Laboratory, How it works?

Required Prior Knowledge:Histology techniques that were described in histology laboratory lectures

Aim of the Lecture:To give a brief introduction for how a pathology laboratory functions in hospitals.

Goals of the lecture:

Students will have a basic knowledge of how pathology laboratory functions in hospital setting

Students will have a basic knowledge about pathologists’ function in hospitals

Lecture Outlines:

* Specimen Types - Biopsy
* * Core biopsy, tru-cut biopsy
  * Incisional biopsy
  * Excisional Biopsy
  * Radical excision
* Specimen Types - Cytology
* * Exfoliative Cytology
  * Aspiration Cytology
* Registry in pathology laboratory and workflow
* Macroscopy
* * Specimen photography
  * Specimen archive
  * Taking appropriate samples according to guidelines
* Tissue processing
* Paraffin embedding
* Microtome
* H\&E
* Microscopy
* Autopsy
* Frozen section
* Special techniques
* * Histochemistry
  * Enzyme Histochemistry
  * Immunohistochemistry
  * Immunofluorescence
  * In-situ hybridization
* Molecular Techniques
* Pathology Archive
* * Paraffin blocks
  * Slides
  * Printed and Electronic Reports
* Product of a pathologist is the report
* Relationship and communication with clinicians
* Relationship and communication with patients
* Consultations
* Telepathology
* Digital Pathology and Virtual Slides

References:

1. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/reference/myBiopsy/pathology_report.html>
2. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/ShowProperty?nodePath=/UCMCon/Contribution%20Folders/WebContent/pdf/how-to-read-pathology-report.pdf>
3. <http://rosaicollection.org/>

Last updated:01.05.2015

Name of the Lecture:Pathology Laboratory, How it works?

Required Prior Knowledge:Histology techniques that were described in histology laboratory lectures

Aim of the Lecture:To give a brief introduction for how a pathology laboratory functions in hospitals.

Goals of the lecture:

Students will have a basic knowledge of how pathology laboratory functions in hospital setting

Students will have a basic knowledge about pathologists’ function in hospitals

Lecture Outlines:

* Specimen Types - Biopsy
* * Core biopsy, tru-cut biopsy
  * Incisional biopsy
  * Excisional Biopsy
  * Radical excision
* Specimen Types - Cytology
* * Exfoliative Cytology
  * Aspiration Cytology
* Registry in pathology laboratory and workflow
* Macroscopy
* * Specimen photography
  * Specimen archive
  * Taking appropriate samples according to guidelines
* Tissue processing
* Paraffin embedding
* Microtome
* H\&E
* Microscopy
* Autopsy
* Frozen section
* Special techniques
* * Histochemistry
  * Enzyme Histochemistry
  * Immunohistochemistry
  * Immunofluorescence
  * In-situ hybridization
* Molecular Techniques
* Pathology Archive
* * Paraffin blocks
  * Slides
  * Printed and Electronic Reports
* Product of a pathologist is the report
* Relationship and communication with clinicians
* Relationship and communication with patients
* Consultations
* Telepathology
* Digital Pathology and Virtual Slides

References:

1. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/apps/docs/reference/myBiopsy/pathology_report.html>
2. How to Read Your Pathology Report:<http://www.cap.org/ShowProperty?nodePath=/UCMCon/Contribution%20Folders/WebContent/pdf/how-to-read-pathology-report.pdf>
3. <http://rosaicollection.org/>

## Pathologist

#### Educating the Digital Generation: Adjusting to new technologies can be difficult – but rising to the challenges could change the face of medical training

{% embed url="<https://thepathologist.com/issues/0717/educating-the-digital-generation/>" %}

#### Pathocholesteatoma (Pathoma parody): Yale Med 2017 Second Year Show

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyQPxaqfcZI>" %}

#### Educating the Digital Generation: Adjusting to new technologies can be difficult – but rising to the challenges could change the face of medical training

<https://thepathologist.com/issues/0717/educating-the-digital-generation/>

#### Pathocholesteatoma (Pathoma parody): Yale Med 2017 Second Year Show

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qyQPxaqfcZI>

#### University of Pittsburgh Pathology Conference

{% embed url="<http://pathologyconference.upmc.edu/>" %}

#### Washington University in St. Louis Nephrology Web Series

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1mJLTtBsf6PTbuiv08vcOA/videos>" %}

#### University of Pittsburgh Pathology Conference

<http://pathologyconference.upmc.edu/>

#### Washington University in St. Louis Nephrology Web Series

<https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1mJLTtBsf6PTbuiv08vcOA/videos>


# So Called Junk Materials & Pitfalls

#### So Called Junk Materials & Pitfalls

The so-called junk materials are important

* major workload of a private practice
* problematic if normal histology and embryology is not well known (normal structures may be mistaken as neoplasm)
* important resource for immunohistochemistry controls
* incidental neoplasms are not uncommon
* systemic diseases like amyloidosis or vascultis may have features in these specimens
* proof of surgery in medico-legal cases and for billing purposes
* Normal histologic features are used to name or describe neoplasms
* Autopsy practice is in decline, these specimens are good to learn autopsy pathology

Pilonidal Sinus

Abortus

Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy

Paratubal cysts

Ovarian cysts

Hemorroidectomy

Circumcission

Cholecystectomy

Keratinous cysts

Callus

Fibroepithelial Polyps

Pitergiyum

Nasal polyps

Hernia Sac

Pyogenic Granuloma

Appendectomy

Lipoma

Elastofibroma

Ganglion Cyst

Dupyutren

Kolesteatom

Mammoplasty

Sleeve Gastrectomy

Liposuction

Splenectomy for Trauma

Keloid

Pyogenic granuloma

Amputations

The so-called junk materials are important

* major workload of a private practice
* problematic if normal histology and embryology is not well known (normal structures may be mistaken as neoplasm)
* important resource for immunohistochemistry controls
* incidental neoplasms are not uncommon
* systemic diseases like amyloidosis or vascultis may have features in these specimens
* proof of surgery in medico-legal cases and for billing purposes
* Normal histologic features are used to name or describe neoplasms
* Autopsy practice is in decline, these specimens are good to learn autopsy pathology

Pilonidal Sinus

Abortus

Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy

Paratubal cysts

Ovarian cysts

Hemorroidectomy

Circumcission

Cholecystectomy

Keratinous cysts

Callus

Fibroepithelial Polyps

Pitergiyum

Nasal polyps

Hernia Sac

Pyogenic Granuloma

Appendectomy

Lipoma

Elastofibroma

Ganglion Cyst

Dupyutren

Kolesteatom

Mammoplasty

Sleeve Gastrectomy

Liposuction

Splenectomy for Trauma

Keloid

Pyogenic granuloma

Amputations

#### So Called Junk Materials & Pitfalls

The so-called junk materials are important

* major workload of a private practice
* problematic if normal histology and embryology is not well known (normal structures may be mistaken as neoplasm)
* important resource for immunohistochemistry controls
* incidental neoplasms are not uncommon
* systemic diseases like amyloidosis or vascultis may have features in these specimens
* proof of surgery in medico-legal cases and for billing purposes
* Normal histologic features are used to name or describe neoplasms
* Autopsy practice is in decline, these specimens are good to learn autopsy pathology

Pilonidal Sinus

Abortus

Tonsillectomy & Adenoidectomy

Paratubal cysts

Ovarian cysts

Hemorroidectomy

Circumcission

Cholecystectomy

Keratinous cysts

Callus

Fibroepithelial Polyps

Pitergiyum

Nasal polyps

Hernia Sac

Pyogenic Granuloma

Appendectomy

Lipoma

Elastofibroma

Ganglion Cyst

Dupyutren

Kolesteatom

Mammoplasty

Sleeve Gastrectomy

Liposuction

Splenectomy for Trauma

Keloid

Pyogenic granuloma

Amputations


# It happens / I have seen that before / Olur öyle

It happens / I have seen that before / Olur öyle

#### It happens / I have seen that before / Olur öyle

#### Grape Cells (Multinucleated Keratinocytes) in Noninfectious Dermatoses: Case Series and Review of the Literature

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4894805/>

#### Multinucleated stromal giant cells in the gastroesophageal junctional and gastric mucosa: a retrospective study.

Diagn Pathol. 2019 Jul 27;14(1):83. doi: 10.1186/s13000-019-0860-y.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31351475>


# Helpful Web Sites for Diagnostic Practice

Helpful Web Sites for Diagnostic Practice

#### **Stanford Surgical Pathology Criteria**

<http://surgpathcriteria.stanford.edu/>

#### **Pathology Outlines**

<http://www.pathologyoutlines.com/>

#### **USCAP Virtual Slides**

<http://uscapknowledgehub.org/index.htm?vsbindex.htm>

#### Pathology Imagebase—a reference image database for standardization of pathology

<http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/his.13313/abstract>


# Virtual Slides

See: [https://lab.patolojinotlari.com/pathologywebsites.html](https://images.patolojiatlasi.com/pathologywebsites.html)


# General Resources For Residents

## General Resources For Residents

* Asistan eğitim programı
* Asistanlar için temel kaynaklar

The Practice of Surgical Pathology A Beginner’s Guide to the Diagnostic Process

## Patoloji Dernekleri Federasyonu Dokümanlar

<http://www.turkpath.org.tr/content.php?id=73>

Asistan eğitimi ile ilgili federasyonun belgeleri:

* [Patoloji Uzmanlık Eğitimi Programı](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Patoloji_Uzmanlik_Egitimi_Programi_03_08.pdf)(1024 kb)
* [Asistan Karnesi](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Asistan_Karnesi_03_08.pdf)(860 kb)
* [Türk Patoloji Dergisi Yazım Kuralları](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/yazimKurallari.pdf)(100 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Patoloji Dernekleri Ortak Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT.pdf)(64 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Türk Patoloji Derneği Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT_2.pdf)(158 kb)
* Asistanlar için Web kaynakları

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=pathologyandpathophysiology>

Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

<https://www.coursera.org/courses?categories=biology,medicine>

<https://www.edx.org/courses?subject=Medicine>

<https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses>

Leica IHK:<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pathlead-powered-by-leica/id797433126>

<http://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/professionals/index.php>

<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR-7blJkNaI>

Pankreas - John Hopkins

<http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-of-pancreas-pathology/id474845392?mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/icarebook-hd/id697194060?ls=1&mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-pancreatic-cytopathology/id580500693?mt=8>

* Patologlar için İstatistik
* * İstatistik analizi için nasıl veri hazırlanır
  * * Verileri nerede toplayalım
    * Veri türleri
    * Sağkalım için veri türleri
  * Temel analizler
* Patologlar için Endnote
* Patologlar için Fotoğrafçılık

Makroskopik resim çekme

Mikroskopik resim çekme

1. <https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=q53ks3v78x8C&lpg=PA141&ots=CF7gJSJ8-M&dq=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&hl=tr&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&f=false>
2. Photoshop
3. Z-stacking
4. Photomerge
5. Mikroskop

Mikroskop ayarlanması

Mikroskop nasıl temizlenir

* Patologlar için Veritabanı
* * Veritabanı programları

filemaker\_make\_new\_database

filemaker-otomatik-vaka-bulma-isaretleme

* * SEER

1.basamak çalışmaya hazırlık ve çalışma dizaynı

* Bilim ve Makale
* Makale türleri (case report, kohort çalışamsı, randomize çalışmalar, review ....)
* Literatür Tarama (PubMed, isiknowledge)
* Bilimsel Kanıt ve Çalışma Dizaynları
* Etik Kurul Başvurusu
* Üniversite Proje Başvurusu
* TÜBİTAK Proje Başvurusu
* basamak analizler
* Veri türleri ve Veri girerken dikkat edilecek konular
* SPSS Data Oluşturma ve Veri Girme
* Tanımlayıcı istatistikler
* İstatistik testleri (Ortalama karşılaştırma, Oran karşılaştırma, çapraz tablolar)
* Sağkalım analizleri ve çıkarımsal istatistikler
* basamak makale yazımı
* Makale Yazmanın Temel Kuralları (IMRAD, CONSORT) ve Aşamaları
* Vaka Nasıl Yazılır?
* Makale Gönderirken Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar?
* (Title, Abstract, Journal Selection, Referans, Dergi Yazım Kuralları)
* Online Submission, Cover Letter, Revizyon, Proof düzeltme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Makale Değerlendirme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Endnote Referans Sisteminin Uygulamalı Anlatımı
* Asistan eğitim programı
* Asistanlar için temel kaynaklar

The Practice of Surgical Pathology A Beginner’s Guide to the Diagnostic Process

## Patoloji Dernekleri Federasyonu Dokümanlar

<http://www.turkpath.org.tr/content.php?id=73>

Asistan eğitimi ile ilgili federasyonun belgeleri:

* [Patoloji Uzmanlık Eğitimi Programı](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Patoloji_Uzmanlik_Egitimi_Programi_03_08.pdf)(1024 kb)
* [Asistan Karnesi](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Asistan_Karnesi_03_08.pdf)(860 kb)
* [Türk Patoloji Dergisi Yazım Kuralları](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/yazimKurallari.pdf)(100 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Patoloji Dernekleri Ortak Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT.pdf)(64 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Türk Patoloji Derneği Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT_2.pdf)(158 kb)
* Asistanlar için Web kaynakları

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=pathologyandpathophysiology>

Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

<https://www.coursera.org/courses?categories=biology,medicine>

<https://www.edx.org/courses?subject=Medicine>

<https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses>

Leica IHK:<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pathlead-powered-by-leica/id797433126>

<http://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/professionals/index.php>

<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR-7blJkNaI>

Pankreas - John Hopkins

<http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-of-pancreas-pathology/id474845392?mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/icarebook-hd/id697194060?ls=1&mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-pancreatic-cytopathology/id580500693?mt=8>

* Patologlar için İstatistik
* * İstatistik analizi için nasıl veri hazırlanır
  * * Verileri nerede toplayalım
    * Veri türleri
    * Sağkalım için veri türleri
  * Temel analizler
* Patologlar için Endnote
* Patologlar için Fotoğrafçılık

Makroskopik resim çekme

Mikroskopik resim çekme

1. <https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=q53ks3v78x8C&lpg=PA141&ots=CF7gJSJ8-M&dq=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&hl=tr&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&f=false>
2. Photoshop
3. Z-stacking
4. Photomerge
5. Mikroskop

Mikroskop ayarlanması

Mikroskop nasıl temizlenir

* Patologlar için Veritabanı
* * Veritabanı programları

filemaker\_make\_new\_database

filemaker-otomatik-vaka-bulma-isaretleme

* * SEER

1.basamak çalışmaya hazırlık ve çalışma dizaynı

* Bilim ve Makale
* Makale türleri (case report, kohort çalışamsı, randomize çalışmalar, review ....)
* Literatür Tarama (PubMed, isiknowledge)
* Bilimsel Kanıt ve Çalışma Dizaynları
* Etik Kurul Başvurusu
* Üniversite Proje Başvurusu
* TÜBİTAK Proje Başvurusu
* basamak analizler
* Veri türleri ve Veri girerken dikkat edilecek konular
* SPSS Data Oluşturma ve Veri Girme
* Tanımlayıcı istatistikler
* İstatistik testleri (Ortalama karşılaştırma, Oran karşılaştırma, çapraz tablolar)
* Sağkalım analizleri ve çıkarımsal istatistikler
* basamak makale yazımı
* Makale Yazmanın Temel Kuralları (IMRAD, CONSORT) ve Aşamaları
* Vaka Nasıl Yazılır?
* Makale Gönderirken Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar?
* (Title, Abstract, Journal Selection, Referans, Dergi Yazım Kuralları)
* Online Submission, Cover Letter, Revizyon, Proof düzeltme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Makale Değerlendirme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Endnote Referans Sisteminin Uygulamalı Anlatımı
* Asistan eğitim programı
* Asistanlar için temel kaynaklar

The Practice of Surgical Pathology A Beginner’s Guide to the Diagnostic Process

## Patoloji Dernekleri Federasyonu Dokümanlar

<http://www.turkpath.org.tr/content.php?id=73>

Asistan eğitimi ile ilgili federasyonun belgeleri:

* [Patoloji Uzmanlık Eğitimi Programı](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Patoloji_Uzmanlik_Egitimi_Programi_03_08.pdf)(1024 kb)
* [Asistan Karnesi](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Asistan_Karnesi_03_08.pdf)(860 kb)
* [Türk Patoloji Dergisi Yazım Kuralları](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/yazimKurallari.pdf)(100 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Patoloji Dernekleri Ortak Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT.pdf)(64 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Türk Patoloji Derneği Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT_2.pdf)(158 kb)
* Asistanlar için Web kaynakları

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=pathologyandpathophysiology>

Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

<https://www.coursera.org/courses?categories=biology,medicine>

<https://www.edx.org/courses?subject=Medicine>

<https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses>

Leica IHK:<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pathlead-powered-by-leica/id797433126>

<http://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/professionals/index.php>

<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR-7blJkNaI>

Pankreas - John Hopkins

<http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-of-pancreas-pathology/id474845392?mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/icarebook-hd/id697194060?ls=1&mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-pancreatic-cytopathology/id580500693?mt=8>

* Patologlar için İstatistik
* * İstatistik analizi için nasıl veri hazırlanır
  * * Verileri nerede toplayalım
    * Veri türleri
    * Sağkalım için veri türleri
  * Temel analizler
* Patologlar için Endnote
* Patologlar için Fotoğrafçılık

Makroskopik resim çekme

Mikroskopik resim çekme

1. <https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=q53ks3v78x8C&lpg=PA141&ots=CF7gJSJ8-M&dq=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&hl=tr&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&f=false>
2. Photoshop
3. Z-stacking
4. Photomerge
5. Mikroskop

Mikroskop ayarlanması

Mikroskop nasıl temizlenir

* Patologlar için Veritabanı
* * Veritabanı programları

filemaker\_make\_new\_database

filemaker-otomatik-vaka-bulma-isaretleme

* * SEER

1.basamak çalışmaya hazırlık ve çalışma dizaynı

* Bilim ve Makale
* Makale türleri (case report, kohort çalışamsı, randomize çalışmalar, review ....)
* Literatür Tarama (PubMed, isiknowledge)
* Bilimsel Kanıt ve Çalışma Dizaynları
* Etik Kurul Başvurusu
* Üniversite Proje Başvurusu
* TÜBİTAK Proje Başvurusu
* basamak analizler
* Veri türleri ve Veri girerken dikkat edilecek konular
* SPSS Data Oluşturma ve Veri Girme
* Tanımlayıcı istatistikler
* İstatistik testleri (Ortalama karşılaştırma, Oran karşılaştırma, çapraz tablolar)
* Sağkalım analizleri ve çıkarımsal istatistikler
* basamak makale yazımı
* Makale Yazmanın Temel Kuralları (IMRAD, CONSORT) ve Aşamaları
* Vaka Nasıl Yazılır?
* Makale Gönderirken Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar?
* (Title, Abstract, Journal Selection, Referans, Dergi Yazım Kuralları)
* Online Submission, Cover Letter, Revizyon, Proof düzeltme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Makale Değerlendirme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Endnote Referans Sisteminin Uygulamalı Anlatımı
* Asistan eğitim programı
* Asistanlar için temel kaynaklar

The Practice of Surgical Pathology A Beginner’s Guide to the Diagnostic Process

## Patoloji Dernekleri Federasyonu Dokümanlar

<http://www.turkpath.org.tr/content.php?id=73>

Asistan eğitimi ile ilgili federasyonun belgeleri:

* [Patoloji Uzmanlık Eğitimi Programı](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Patoloji_Uzmanlik_Egitimi_Programi_03_08.pdf)(1024 kb)
* [Asistan Karnesi](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Asistan_Karnesi_03_08.pdf)(860 kb)
* [Türk Patoloji Dergisi Yazım Kuralları](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/yazimKurallari.pdf)(100 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Patoloji Dernekleri Ortak Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT.pdf)(64 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Türk Patoloji Derneği Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT_2.pdf)(158 kb)
* Asistanlar için Web kaynakları

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=pathologyandpathophysiology>

Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

<https://www.coursera.org/courses?categories=biology,medicine>

<https://www.edx.org/courses?subject=Medicine>

<https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses>

Leica IHK:<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pathlead-powered-by-leica/id797433126>

<http://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/professionals/index.php>

<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR-7blJkNaI>

Pankreas - John Hopkins

<http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-of-pancreas-pathology/id474845392?mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/icarebook-hd/id697194060?ls=1&mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-pancreatic-cytopathology/id580500693?mt=8>

* Patologlar için İstatistik
* * İstatistik analizi için nasıl veri hazırlanır
  * * Verileri nerede toplayalım
    * Veri türleri
    * Sağkalım için veri türleri
  * Temel analizler
* Patologlar için Endnote
* Patologlar için Fotoğrafçılık

Makroskopik resim çekme

Mikroskopik resim çekme

1. <https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=q53ks3v78x8C&lpg=PA141&ots=CF7gJSJ8-M&dq=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&hl=tr&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&f=false>
2. Photoshop
3. Z-stacking
4. Photomerge
5. Mikroskop

Mikroskop ayarlanması

Mikroskop nasıl temizlenir

* Patologlar için Veritabanı
* * Veritabanı programları

filemaker\_make\_new\_database

filemaker-otomatik-vaka-bulma-isaretleme

* * SEER

1.basamak çalışmaya hazırlık ve çalışma dizaynı

* Bilim ve Makale
* Makale türleri (case report, kohort çalışamsı, randomize çalışmalar, review ....)
* Literatür Tarama (PubMed, isiknowledge)
* Bilimsel Kanıt ve Çalışma Dizaynları
* Etik Kurul Başvurusu
* Üniversite Proje Başvurusu
* TÜBİTAK Proje Başvurusu
* basamak analizler
* Veri türleri ve Veri girerken dikkat edilecek konular
* SPSS Data Oluşturma ve Veri Girme
* Tanımlayıcı istatistikler
* İstatistik testleri (Ortalama karşılaştırma, Oran karşılaştırma, çapraz tablolar)
* Sağkalım analizleri ve çıkarımsal istatistikler
* basamak makale yazımı
* Makale Yazmanın Temel Kuralları (IMRAD, CONSORT) ve Aşamaları
* Vaka Nasıl Yazılır?
* Makale Gönderirken Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar?
* (Title, Abstract, Journal Selection, Referans, Dergi Yazım Kuralları)
* Online Submission, Cover Letter, Revizyon, Proof düzeltme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Makale Değerlendirme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Endnote Referans Sisteminin Uygulamalı Anlatımı

## General Resources For Residents

* Asistan eğitim programı
* Asistanlar için temel kaynaklar

The Practice of Surgical Pathology A Beginner’s Guide to the Diagnostic Process

## Patoloji Dernekleri Federasyonu Dokümanlar

<http://www.turkpath.org.tr/content.php?id=73>

Asistan eğitimi ile ilgili federasyonun belgeleri:

* [Patoloji Uzmanlık Eğitimi Programı](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Patoloji_Uzmanlik_Egitimi_Programi_03_08.pdf)(1024 kb)
* [Asistan Karnesi](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/Asistan_Karnesi_03_08.pdf)(860 kb)
* [Türk Patoloji Dergisi Yazım Kuralları](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/yazimKurallari.pdf)(100 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Patoloji Dernekleri Ortak Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT.pdf)(64 kb)
* [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tüzüğü Türk Patoloji Derneği Görüşü](http://www.turkpath.org.tr/files/TUT_2.pdf)(158 kb)
* Asistanlar için Web kaynakları

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=science&subcat=biology&spec=genetics>

<http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/find-by-topic/#cat=healthandmedicine&subcat=pathologyandpathophysiology>

Programmed cell death:<https://www.coursera.org/course/pcd>

<https://www.coursera.org/courses?categories=biology,medicine>

<https://www.edx.org/courses?subject=Medicine>

<https://lagunita.stanford.edu/courses>

Leica IHK:<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/pathlead-powered-by-leica/id797433126>

<http://pathology.jhu.edu/pancreas/professionals/index.php>

<http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CR-7blJkNaI>

Pankreas - John Hopkins

<http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-of-pancreas-pathology/id474845392?mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/icarebook-hd/id697194060?ls=1&mt=8>

<https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/atlas-pancreatic-cytopathology/id580500693?mt=8>

* Patologlar için İstatistik
* * İstatistik analizi için nasıl veri hazırlanır
  * * Verileri nerede toplayalım
    * Veri türleri
    * Sağkalım için veri türleri
  * Temel analizler
* Patologlar için Endnote
* Patologlar için Fotoğrafçılık

Makroskopik resim çekme

Mikroskopik resim çekme

1. <https://books.google.com.tr/books?id=q53ks3v78x8C&lpg=PA141&ots=CF7gJSJ8-M&dq=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&hl=tr&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q=exposure%20time%20microscopy%20photography&f=false>
2. Photoshop
3. Z-stacking
4. Photomerge
5. Mikroskop

Mikroskop ayarlanması

Mikroskop nasıl temizlenir

* Patologlar için Veritabanı
* * Veritabanı programları

filemaker\_make\_new\_database

filemaker-otomatik-vaka-bulma-isaretleme

* * SEER

1.basamak çalışmaya hazırlık ve çalışma dizaynı

* Bilim ve Makale
* Makale türleri (case report, kohort çalışamsı, randomize çalışmalar, review ....)
* Literatür Tarama (PubMed, isiknowledge)
* Bilimsel Kanıt ve Çalışma Dizaynları
* Etik Kurul Başvurusu
* Üniversite Proje Başvurusu
* TÜBİTAK Proje Başvurusu
* basamak analizler
* Veri türleri ve Veri girerken dikkat edilecek konular
* SPSS Data Oluşturma ve Veri Girme
* Tanımlayıcı istatistikler
* İstatistik testleri (Ortalama karşılaştırma, Oran karşılaştırma, çapraz tablolar)
* Sağkalım analizleri ve çıkarımsal istatistikler
* basamak makale yazımı
* Makale Yazmanın Temel Kuralları (IMRAD, CONSORT) ve Aşamaları
* Vaka Nasıl Yazılır?
* Makale Gönderirken Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar?
* (Title, Abstract, Journal Selection, Referans, Dergi Yazım Kuralları)
* Online Submission, Cover Letter, Revizyon, Proof düzeltme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Makale Değerlendirme Nasıl Yapılır?
* Bilimsel Araştırmalarda Endnote Referans Sisteminin Uygulamalı Anlatımı


# History of Pathology

## **2016 MSK Alumni Conference - Ralph Hruban, MD**

[The Annual Fred Stewart Award Lecture "The Good, The Bad and the Ugly"](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUn-LRKaVJE)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUn-LRKaVJE>" %}

## Was Virchow the first scientist to offer Cell Theory?

* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#Cell_biology>

> Virchow is credited with several very important discoveries. His most widely known scientific contribution is his [cell theory](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_theory), which built on the work of [Theodor Schwann](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodor_Schwann). He was one of the first to accept the work of [Robert Remak](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Remak), who showed the origins of cells was the division of pre-existing cells.[\[28\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#cite_note-28) He did not initially accept the evidence for cell division, believing that it occurs only in certain types of cells. When it dawned on him that Remak might be right, in 1855, he published Remak's work as his own, causing a falling-out between the two.[\[29\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#cite_note-BBC-29) Virchow was particularly influenced in cellular theory by the work of [John Goodsir](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Goodsir) of Edinburgh, whom he described, as "one of the earliest and most acute observers of cell-life both physiological and pathological." Virchow dedicated his magnum opus Die Cellularpathologie to Goodsir.[\[30\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#cite_note-30) Virchow's cellular theory was encapsulated in the epigram Omnis cellula e cellula ("all cells (come) from cells"), which he published in 1855.[\[9\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#cite_note-kuiper-9)[\[22\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#cite_note-Bagot2008-22)[\[31\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#cite_note-31) (The [epigram](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigram) was actually coined by [François-Vincent Raspail](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Vincent_Raspail), but popularized by Virchow.)[\[32\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#cite_note-pmid16810425-32) It is a rejection of the concept of spontaneous generation, which held that organisms could arise from nonliving matter. For example, maggots were believed to appear spontaneously in decaying meat; [Francesco Redi](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco_Redi) carried out experiments which disproved this notion and coined the maxim [Omne vivum ex ovo](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omne_vivum_ex_ovo) ("Every living thing comes from a living thing" — literally "from an egg"); Virchow (and his predecessors) extended this to state that the only source for a living cell was another living cell.[\[33\]](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow#cite_note-33) <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_Virchow>

* \*\*\*\*[**The Origins of Cell Theory**](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/foundations-of-modern-cell-theory/)\*\*\*\*

> [Despite his significant scientific legacy, there is some controversy regarding this essay, in which Virchow proposed the central tenet of modern cell theory—that all cells arise from other cells. Robert Remak, a former colleague who worked in the same laboratory as Virchow at the University of Berlin, had published the same idea 3 years before. Though it appears Virchow was familiar with Remak’s work, he neglected to credit Remak’s ideas in his essay. When Remak wrote a letter to Virchow pointing out similarities between Virchow’s ideas and his own, Virchow was dismissive. In 1858, in the preface to one of his books, Virchow wrote that his 1855 publication was just an editorial piece, not a scientific paper, and thus there was no need to cite Remak’s work.](https://courses.lumenlearning.com/microbiology/chapter/foundations-of-modern-cell-theory/)

* \*\*\*\*\[\*\*Virchow's Contribution to the Cell Theory\*\*]\(<https://www.jstor.org/stable/24619588>)

  [J. WALTER WILSON Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences Vol. 2, No. 2 (Spring 1947), pp. 163-178](https://www.jstor.org/stable/24619588)
* <https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b00m5w92>
* <https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2a1c75>

{% embed url="<https://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2a1c75>" %}

## [Thalidomide: still with us half a century later | DW Documentary](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nc3nHrDEWs4)

{% embed url="<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nc3nHrDEWs4>" %}


# Pathology Reports

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=pfbid0cMCPjNqNRDTdv1yiCSy3ewiGXAVYoHkUW7NVP4pViuERytXpoWQiQkEqvDvHLxJdl&id=100064505328169>" %}

## [How Pathology Report Affects Treatment of Colorectal Cancer](https://www.facebook.com/pathCast/videos/514548495926280/)

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/pathCast/videos/514548495926280/>" %}

## Pathology reports are the most important medical documents:

* Generally only complete information in a patient file is a pathology report.

## Types of pathology reports

* Free Text
* Structured
* Synoptic

## CAP what is not synoptic report

## CAP video

## Pathology reports suffer from the outside forces:

* Clinicians who do not want (!) "inadequate specimen" reports.
* We change our diagnosis so that clinicians do not misunderstand
* Do not write chronic prostitis because they may assume that elevated PSA levels are due to chronic prostitis ???
* We change our reports so that patients do not misunderstand

  * Change prostate grading scheme so that patients are grade group 1, not in 6 out of 10.

  <http://pathology.jhu.edu/ProstateCancer/NewGradingSystem.pdf>

  * Explanatory notes for patients
* We change tumor names so that insurance firms do not label patients as cancer
  * Change thyoid tumor names (NIFTP)
* **Patoloji Raporunda Yer Alan Tanılar Tekrarlanabilir mi? Are the Pathologic Diagnosis reproducible?**

<http://guncelpatoloji.org/uploads/pdf/pdf_3.pdf>

* **Hasta'ya açıklama içeren patoloji raporu**

<https://twitter.com/TeamCaptainJohn/status/908456197740793856>

![](/files/DCOoOVqt3C6DLzZ3F65J)

The FAQ initiative explaining pathology reports to patients

<http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v23/n9/full/modpathol2010108a.html>

## Addenda in Pathology Reports: Trends and Their Implications

<https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article/137/4/606/1760925/Addenda-in-Pathology-ReportsTrends-and-Their>

## The Complete Surgical Pathology Report

<https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-2339-7_11>

## Pathologist Brings Patients Into the Lab to See Their Cancer Close-Up

## ‘Please let me see the dragon that I’m slaying!’

<http://www.hhnmag.com/articles/8561-pathologist-brings-patients-into-the-lab-to-see-their-cancer-close-up#.WcAc0linuq8.facebook>

## An online readability analysis of pathology-related patient education articles: an opportunity for pathologists to educate patients

<http://www.humanpathol.com/article/S0046-8177(17)30148-X/fulltext>

## Pathologists' Perspectives on Disclosing Harmful Pathology Error

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28362155>

## CommunicatingUncertainty in Surgical PathologyReports: A Survey of Staff Physicians and Residents at an Academic Medical Center.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28725774>

## Communicating diagnostic uncertainty in surgical pathologyreports: disparities between sender and receiver.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24939143>

## Patients Want Web Access To Test Results But Don't Want To Have To Be A Doctor To Understand Them

<https://www.forbes.com/sites/ritarubin/2017/12/29/patients-want-web-access-to-test-results-but-dont-want-to-have-to-be-a-doctor-to-understand-them/2/#4bd5717e3db5>

## Pathology reports are the most important medical documents:

* Generally only complete information in a patient file is a pathology report.

## Types of pathology reports

* Free Text
* Structured
* Synoptic

## CAP what is not synoptic report

## CAP video

## Pathology reports suffer from the outside forces:

* Clinicians who do not want (!) "inadequate specimen" reports.
* We change our diagnosis so that clinicians do not misunderstand
* Do not write chronic prostitis because they may assume that elevated PSA levels are due to chronic prostitis ???
* We change our reports so that patients do not misunderstand

  * Change prostate grading scheme so that patients are grade group 1, not in 6 out of 10.

  <http://pathology.jhu.edu/ProstateCancer/NewGradingSystem.pdf>

  * Explanatory notes for patients
* We change tumor names so that insurance firms do not label patients as cancer
  * Change thyoid tumor names (NIFTP)
* **Patoloji Raporunda Yer Alan Tanılar Tekrarlanabilir mi? Are the Pathologic Diagnosis reproducible?**

<http://guncelpatoloji.org/uploads/pdf/pdf_3.pdf>

* **Hasta'ya açıklama içeren patoloji raporu**

<https://twitter.com/TeamCaptainJohn/status/908456197740793856>

![](/files/DCOoOVqt3C6DLzZ3F65J)

The FAQ initiative explaining pathology reports to patients

<http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v23/n9/full/modpathol2010108a.html>

## Addenda in Pathology Reports: Trends and Their Implications

<https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article/137/4/606/1760925/Addenda-in-Pathology-ReportsTrends-and-Their>

## The Complete Surgical Pathology Report

<https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-2339-7_11>

## Pathologist Brings Patients Into the Lab to See Their Cancer Close-Up

## ‘Please let me see the dragon that I’m slaying!’

<http://www.hhnmag.com/articles/8561-pathologist-brings-patients-into-the-lab-to-see-their-cancer-close-up#.WcAc0linuq8.facebook>

## An online readability analysis of pathology-related patient education articles: an opportunity for pathologists to educate patients

<http://www.humanpathol.com/article/S0046-8177(17)30148-X/fulltext>

## Pathologists' Perspectives on Disclosing Harmful Pathology Error

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28362155>

## CommunicatingUncertainty in Surgical PathologyReports: A Survey of Staff Physicians and Residents at an Academic Medical Center.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28725774>

## Communicating diagnostic uncertainty in surgical pathologyreports: disparities between sender and receiver.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24939143>

## Patients Want Web Access To Test Results But Don't Want To Have To Be A Doctor To Understand Them

<https://www.forbes.com/sites/ritarubin/2017/12/29/patients-want-web-access-to-test-results-but-dont-want-to-have-to-be-a-doctor-to-understand-them/2/#4bd5717e3db5>

## Pathology Reports

## Pathology reports are the most important medical documents:

* Generally only complete information in a patient file is a pathology report.

## Types of pathology reports

* Free Text
* Structured
* Synoptic

## CAP what is not synoptic report

## CAP video

## Pathology reports suffer from the outside forces:

* Clinicians who do not want (!) "inadequate specimen" reports.
* We change our diagnosis so that clinicians do not misunderstand
* Do not write chronic prostitis because they may assume that elevated PSA levels are due to chronic prostitis ???
* We change our reports so that patients do not misunderstand

  * Change prostate grading scheme so that patients are grade group 1, not in 6 out of 10.

  <http://pathology.jhu.edu/ProstateCancer/NewGradingSystem.pdf>

  * Explanatory notes for patients
* We change tumor names so that insurance firms do not label patients as cancer
  * Change thyoid tumor names (NIFTP)
* **Patoloji Raporunda Yer Alan Tanılar Tekrarlanabilir mi? Are the Pathologic Diagnosis reproducible?**

<http://guncelpatoloji.org/uploads/pdf/pdf_3.pdf>

* **Hasta'ya açıklama içeren patoloji raporu**

<https://twitter.com/TeamCaptainJohn/status/908456197740793856>

![](/files/DCOoOVqt3C6DLzZ3F65J)

The FAQ initiative explaining pathology reports to patients

<http://www.nature.com/modpathol/journal/v23/n9/full/modpathol2010108a.html>

## Addenda in Pathology Reports: Trends and Their Implications

<https://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article/137/4/606/1760925/Addenda-in-Pathology-ReportsTrends-and-Their>

## The Complete Surgical Pathology Report

<https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4939-2339-7_11>

## Pathologist Brings Patients Into the Lab to See Their Cancer Close-Up

## ‘Please let me see the dragon that I’m slaying!’

<http://www.hhnmag.com/articles/8561-pathologist-brings-patients-into-the-lab-to-see-their-cancer-close-up#.WcAc0linuq8.facebook>

## An online readability analysis of pathology-related patient education articles: an opportunity for pathologists to educate patients

<http://www.humanpathol.com/article/S0046-8177(17)30148-X/fulltext>

## Pathologists' Perspectives on Disclosing Harmful Pathology Error

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28362155>

## CommunicatingUncertainty in Surgical PathologyReports: A Survey of Staff Physicians and Residents at an Academic Medical Center.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28725774>

## Communicating diagnostic uncertainty in surgical pathologyreports: disparities between sender and receiver.

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24939143>

## Patients Want Web Access To Test Results But Don't Want To Have To Be A Doctor To Understand Them

<https://www.forbes.com/sites/ritarubin/2017/12/29/patients-want-web-access-to-test-results-but-dont-want-to-have-to-be-a-doctor-to-understand-them/2/#4bd5717e3db5>

## Data set for the reporting of lung cancer: recommendations from the International Collaboration on Cancer Reporting (ICCR)

<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/his.15313>


# Mitosis

## Mitosis

* **Are we counting mitoses correctly?**

[Ann Diagn Pathol. 2013 Dec;17(6):536-9. doi: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2013.05.005. Epub 2013 Jun 24. Yigit N, Gunal A, Kucukodaci Z, Karslioglu Y, Onguru O, Ozcan A.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23806202)

* Assessment of mitotic activity in breast cancer: revisited in the digital pathology era

Ibrahim A, Lashen A, Toss M, Mihai R, Rakha E. Assessment of mitotic activity in breast cancer: revisited in the digital pathology era. J Clin Pathol. 2022 Jun;75(6):365-372. doi: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-207742. Epub 2021 Sep 23. PMID: 34556501. <https://jcp.bmj.com/content/75/6/365.long#DC1>


# The Future of Pathology

### [Maude Abbott Lecture 2018: The Pathologist and Individualized Cancer Therapy by Stanley R. Hamilton, M.D.](https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/7026)

{% embed url="<https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/7026>" %}

#### [Nathan Kaufman Timely Topics Lecture USCAP2020 presented by Samuel H. Sternberg, PhD. Programmable Genome Engineering Using CRISPR Technology](https://www.facebook.com/TheUSCAP/videos/1042460216123966/)

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/TheUSCAP/videos/1042460216123966/>" %}

#### [Nathan Kaufman Timely Topics Lecture 2017 - Platforms, Diagnosis and Disease: An Evolution Rooted In Pathology Presented by - Daniel J. Brat, M.D., Ph.D.](https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/5418/video_presentations/80687)

{% embed url="<https://www.pathlms.com/uscap/courses/5418/video_presentations/80687>" %}

## The Future Of Pathology

{% embed url="<https://www.facebook.com/HistoMemes/photos/a.188905821905532/614298496032927/>" %}

## Molecular Visualizations of DNA

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjPcT1uUZiE>

## Transcription - Central Dogma Part 1

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DA2t5N72mgw>

## Translation - Central Dogma Part 2

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkI_Vbwn14g>

## Lessons from the Human Genome Project

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOW5e4BgEa4>

## Molecular Visualizations of DNA

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OjPcT1uUZiE>

## Transcription - Central Dogma Part 1

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DA2t5N72mgw>

## Translation - Central Dogma Part 2

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkI_Vbwn14g>

## Lessons from the Human Genome Project

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qOW5e4BgEa4>

## The Cell as a Unit of Health and Disease

* Open-Top Light-Sheet Microscopy Image Atlas of Prostate Core Needle Biopsies

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30892067>

* Pathology and laboratory medicine: the Cinderella of health systems

<https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30457-4/fulltext>

* 2016 USCAP Nathan Kaufman Timely Topics Lecture - "Riffs on Future Path: The Fall of Paper, the Rise of Smarties and the Quest for Selfies" Faculty: Eric F. Glassy, M.D., Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group, Palos Verdes Estates, CA

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeSgdTFhVUg>

* Philips and PathAI to improve breast cancer diagnosis with artificial intelligence

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUeScCtTng4>

* Pathology and radiology taking medical ‘hermeneutics’ to the next level?

<http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/04/24/jclinpath-2017-204391>

* Seeing the Light

Conventional histopathology is destructive of biopsy tissue, and doesn’t always provide enough information for accurate diagnosis and grading. “Slide-free histology” by light-sheet microscopy may change the game

<https://thepathologist.com/issues/0717/seeing-the-light/>

* Pathologists' Computer-Assisted Diagnosis: A Mock-up of a Prototype Information System to Facilitate Automation of Pathology Sign-out

<http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/10.5858/arpa.2016-0214-OA>

* Emerging Themes in Image Informatics and Molecular Analysis for Digital Pathology

<http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-112415-114722>

* Time for change: a new training programme for morpho-molecular pathologists?

Twenty-first century pathology: a morphomolecular discipline? <http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/10/23/jclinpath-2017-204821>

* Basket Trials <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CwOFTOEYAU>
* Digital Pathology - a Norwegian Project from Nasjonal IKT HF <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fqVnoWnYxc&t=8s>
* Detecting cancer in real-time with machine learning <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Mz84cwVmS0>
* The Histolog Scanner

<https://samantree.com/product/>

* 2016 USCAP Nathan Kaufman Timely Topics Lecture - "Riffs on Future Path: The Fall of Paper, the Rise of Smarties and the Quest for Selfies" Faculty: Eric F. Glassy, M.D., Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group, Palos Verdes Estates, CA

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeSgdTFhVUg>

* Philips and PathAI to improve breast cancer diagnosis with artificial intelligence

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUeScCtTng4>

* Pathology and radiology taking medical ‘hermeneutics’ to the next level?

<http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/04/24/jclinpath-2017-204391>

* Seeing the Light

Conventional histopathology is destructive of biopsy tissue, and doesn’t always provide enough information for accurate diagnosis and grading. “Slide-free histology” by light-sheet microscopy may change the game

<https://thepathologist.com/issues/0717/seeing-the-light/>

* Pathologists' Computer-Assisted Diagnosis: A Mock-up of a Prototype Information System to Facilitate Automation of Pathology Sign-out

<http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/10.5858/arpa.2016-0214-OA>

* Emerging Themes in Image Informatics and Molecular Analysis for Digital Pathology

<http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-112415-114722>

* Time for change: a new training programme for morpho-molecular pathologists?

Twenty-first century pathology: a morphomolecular discipline? <http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/10/23/jclinpath-2017-204821>

* Basket Trials <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CwOFTOEYAU>
* Digital Pathology - a Norwegian Project from Nasjonal IKT HF <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fqVnoWnYxc&t=8s>
* Open-Top Light-Sheet Microscopy Image Atlas of Prostate Core Needle Biopsies

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30892067>

* Pathology and laboratory medicine: the Cinderella of health systems

<https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30457-4/fulltext>

* 2016 USCAP Nathan Kaufman Timely Topics Lecture - "Riffs on Future Path: The Fall of Paper, the Rise of Smarties and the Quest for Selfies" Faculty: Eric F. Glassy, M.D., Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group, Palos Verdes Estates, CA

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeSgdTFhVUg>

* Philips and PathAI to improve breast cancer diagnosis with artificial intelligence

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUeScCtTng4>

* Pathology and radiology taking medical ‘hermeneutics’ to the next level?

<http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/04/24/jclinpath-2017-204391>

* Seeing the Light

Conventional histopathology is destructive of biopsy tissue, and doesn’t always provide enough information for accurate diagnosis and grading. “Slide-free histology” by light-sheet microscopy may change the game

<https://thepathologist.com/issues/0717/seeing-the-light/>

* Pathologists' Computer-Assisted Diagnosis: A Mock-up of a Prototype Information System to Facilitate Automation of Pathology Sign-out

<http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/10.5858/arpa.2016-0214-OA>

* Emerging Themes in Image Informatics and Molecular Analysis for Digital Pathology

<http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-112415-114722>

* Time for change: a new training programme for morpho-molecular pathologists?

Twenty-first century pathology: a morphomolecular discipline? <http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/10/23/jclinpath-2017-204821>

* Basket Trials <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CwOFTOEYAU>
* Digital Pathology - a Norwegian Project from Nasjonal IKT HF <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fqVnoWnYxc&t=8s>
* Detecting cancer in real-time with machine learning <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Mz84cwVmS0>
* The Histolog Scanner

<https://samantree.com/product/>

* 2016 USCAP Nathan Kaufman Timely Topics Lecture - "Riffs on Future Path: The Fall of Paper, the Rise of Smarties and the Quest for Selfies" Faculty: Eric F. Glassy, M.D., Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group, Palos Verdes Estates, CA

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeSgdTFhVUg>

* Philips and PathAI to improve breast cancer diagnosis with artificial intelligence

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUeScCtTng4>

* Pathology and radiology taking medical ‘hermeneutics’ to the next level?

<http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/04/24/jclinpath-2017-204391>

* Seeing the Light

Conventional histopathology is destructive of biopsy tissue, and doesn’t always provide enough information for accurate diagnosis and grading. “Slide-free histology” by light-sheet microscopy may change the game

<https://thepathologist.com/issues/0717/seeing-the-light/>

* Pathologists' Computer-Assisted Diagnosis: A Mock-up of a Prototype Information System to Facilitate Automation of Pathology Sign-out

<http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/10.5858/arpa.2016-0214-OA>

* Emerging Themes in Image Informatics and Molecular Analysis for Digital Pathology

<http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-112415-114722>

* Time for change: a new training programme for morpho-molecular pathologists?

Twenty-first century pathology: a morphomolecular discipline? <http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/10/23/jclinpath-2017-204821>

* Basket Trials <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CwOFTOEYAU>
* Digital Pathology - a Norwegian Project from Nasjonal IKT HF <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fqVnoWnYxc&t=8s>

## The Future Of Pathology

* Open-Top Light-Sheet Microscopy Image Atlas of Prostate Core Needle Biopsies

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30892067>

* Pathology and laboratory medicine: the Cinderella of health systems

<https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(18)30457-4/fulltext>

* 2016 USCAP Nathan Kaufman Timely Topics Lecture - "Riffs on Future Path: The Fall of Paper, the Rise of Smarties and the Quest for Selfies" Faculty: Eric F. Glassy, M.D., Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group, Palos Verdes Estates, CA

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FeSgdTFhVUg>

* Philips and PathAI to improve breast cancer diagnosis with artificial intelligence

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUeScCtTng4>

* Pathology and radiology taking medical ‘hermeneutics’ to the next level?

<http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/04/24/jclinpath-2017-204391>

* Seeing the Light

Conventional histopathology is destructive of biopsy tissue, and doesn’t always provide enough information for accurate diagnosis and grading. “Slide-free histology” by light-sheet microscopy may change the game

<https://thepathologist.com/issues/0717/seeing-the-light/>

* Pathologists' Computer-Assisted Diagnosis: A Mock-up of a Prototype Information System to Facilitate Automation of Pathology Sign-out

<http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/10.5858/arpa.2016-0214-OA>

* Emerging Themes in Image Informatics and Molecular Analysis for Digital Pathology

<http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-bioeng-112415-114722>

* Time for change: a new training programme for morpho-molecular pathologists?

Twenty-first century pathology: a morphomolecular discipline? <http://jcp.bmj.com/content/early/2017/10/23/jclinpath-2017-204821>

* Basket Trials <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7CwOFTOEYAU>
* Digital Pathology - a Norwegian Project from Nasjonal IKT HF <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fqVnoWnYxc&t=8s>
* Detecting cancer in real-time with machine learning <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Mz84cwVmS0>
* The Histolog Scanner

<https://samantree.com/product/>

* [Next-generation protein analysis in the pathology department.](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31308255)

<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31308255>


# Resident Education

## Resident Education

* Perceptions of Unprofessional Attitudes and Behaviors: Implications for Faculty Role Modeling and Teaching Professionalism During Pathology Residency.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine <https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0477-CP>

* The Story Behind a Moving Academic Acknowledgement

<http://www.academiaobscura.com/story-behind-moving-academic-acknowledgement/>

* Johns Hopkins Pathology Residency Program

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r44w9mJLhr4>

* "You can learn how to cope with uncertainty from your mentors if they are familiar with the concept"

<https://alpusubutun.wordpress.com/2017/09/23/everything-that-you-must-know-for-a-good-pathology-practice-2017-amsterdam-avrupa-patoloji-kongresi-konusma-metni/>

* Mentoring content from Nature journals

<https://www.nature.com/collections/lhgrjpzydm/?TW.mc_id=EMI_NA_1712_MENTORINGCOLLECTION_PORTFOLIO>

## PathPresenter: Quiz Module

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haVMuxJ9y4M&feature=youtu.be>

<https://twitter.com/GeronimoJrLapac/status/978084675674546176>

![](/files/ntaosdSrbT1lznLBSXPp)

* Perceptions of Unprofessional Attitudes and Behaviors: Implications for Faculty Role Modeling and Teaching Professionalism During Pathology Residency.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine <https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0477-CP>

* The Story Behind a Moving Academic Acknowledgement

<http://www.academiaobscura.com/story-behind-moving-academic-acknowledgement/>

* Johns Hopkins Pathology Residency Program

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r44w9mJLhr4>

* "You can learn how to cope with uncertainty from your mentors if they are familiar with the concept"

<https://alpusubutun.wordpress.com/2017/09/23/everything-that-you-must-know-for-a-good-pathology-practice-2017-amsterdam-avrupa-patoloji-kongresi-konusma-metni/>

* Mentoring content from Nature journals

<https://www.nature.com/collections/lhgrjpzydm/?TW.mc_id=EMI_NA_1712_MENTORINGCOLLECTION_PORTFOLIO>

## PathPresenter: Quiz Module

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haVMuxJ9y4M&feature=youtu.be>

<https://twitter.com/GeronimoJrLapac/status/978084675674546176>

![](/files/ntaosdSrbT1lznLBSXPp)

## Resident Education

* Perceptions of Unprofessional Attitudes and Behaviors: Implications for Faculty Role Modeling and Teaching Professionalism During Pathology Residency.

Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine <https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0477-CP>

* The Story Behind a Moving Academic Acknowledgement

<http://www.academiaobscura.com/story-behind-moving-academic-acknowledgement/>

* Johns Hopkins Pathology Residency Program

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r44w9mJLhr4>

* "You can learn how to cope with uncertainty from your mentors if they are familiar with the concept"

<https://alpusubutun.wordpress.com/2017/09/23/everything-that-you-must-know-for-a-good-pathology-practice-2017-amsterdam-avrupa-patoloji-kongresi-konusma-metni/>

* Mentoring content from Nature journals

<https://www.nature.com/collections/lhgrjpzydm/?TW.mc_id=EMI_NA_1712_MENTORINGCOLLECTION_PORTFOLIO>

## PathPresenter: Quiz Module

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haVMuxJ9y4M&feature=youtu.be>

<https://twitter.com/GeronimoJrLapac/status/978084675674546176>

![](/files/ntaosdSrbT1lznLBSXPp)

### Interesting Gross Case Workshop to Remedy Disconnect in Surgical Pathology Curriculum

[MedEdPORTAL. 2018 Jun 15;14:10724. doi: 10.15766/mep\_2374-8265.10724. PMID: 30800924](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30800924)


# Rotations of Pathology Residents


# Web sites of Pathologists

## Web sites of Pathologists

<http://www.pathologystudent.com/>

<http://www.pathologystudent.com/>

* **Ed Uthman's home page**

<http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/>

below copied from this page for my future personal use.

> **Original pathology- and lab medicine-related resources**
>
> verything in this section is free for noncommercial use, unless otherwise stated.
>
> **HTML documents**
>
> [**A Screenwriter's Guide to the Autopsy**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/Autop.html)
>
> is a narrative account of a routine autopsy for the use of novelists and screenwriters. I have gone into great detail as to sights, smells, and character sketches \["The classic Usenet FAQ for screenwriters" --
>
> [American Medical News](http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/index.htm)
>
> , 12/15/97] 27K.
>
> [**Autopsy Tools**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/autopsy_tools.html) is is photo gallery and glossary of the instruments used by prosectors in performing autopsies.
>
> [**Lab Test Interpretation**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/lab_test.html) is an encyclopedic resource aimed at health professionals. It lists the major routine clinical lab tests offered in a chemistry profile and complete blood count and gives many of the diagnostic possibilities for abnormal values of each.
>
> [**Gross Specimen Photography**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/gross_photo.html) is an introduction to photography in general and is aimed at junior pathology residents who are confronted for the first time with having to take gross photographs of specimens. There are also a few links to other good photography Web resources.
>
> [**Exotic Infections**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/exotic_infections.html) is a companion piece to my sophomore med student lecture covering Lyme disease, non-venereal treponematoses, plague, cholera, typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rickettsialpox, and ehrlichiosis, with extensive historical notes.
>
> [**Forensic Pathology**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/forensic_path.html) is a companion to an introductory lecture on the subject for medical students. It is very basic.
>
> [**Forensic Pathology Careers: Frequently Asked Questions**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/forensic_career.html) is something I put together in response to all the folks who have written me about their desire to look into a career in forensic pathology. Be warned: these are my opinions only. You may also wish to check out the Web site of the [National Association of Medical Examiners](http://www.thename.org/medical_detective.htm).
>
> [**The Biopsy Report: A Patient's Guide**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/biopsy.html) is a patient education piece for those who would like to try their hand at understanding their biopsy report. It deals with types of biopsies, tissue processing and examination, and gross and microscopic descriptions. It also has a glossary of pathologic terms.
>
> [**Tips For Making Good Pap Smears**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pap_tips.html) is a brief piece on how to get a good smear and minimize the number of smears unnecessarily classified as atypical. This is aimed at gynecologists, primary care physicians, midwives, nurses, and others who collect Paps.
>
> **The Red Cell and Anemia** is a series of 5 HTML documents. For the downloadable .PDF version see below.
>
> 1.
> 2. [**Blood cells and the CBC**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/blood_cells.html) is an illustrated introduction to the types of human blood cells and their assessment with the routine complete blood count (CBC). This is part 1 (of 5) of "The Red Cell and Anemia" (see below) but includes photomicrographs.
> 3. [**Anemia: Pathophysiologic Consequences, Classification, and Clinical Investigation**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/anemia/anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 2 of "The Red Cell and Anemia."
> 4. [**Nutritional Anemias and Anemia of Chronic Disease**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/nutritional_anemia/nutritional_anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 3 of "The Red Cell and Anemia." Included are iron, folate, and B 12 deficiencies.
> 5. [**Hemolytic Anemias**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/hemolytic_anemia/hemolytic_anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 4 of "The Red Cell and Anemia."
> 6. [**Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/hemoglobinopathy/hemoglobinopathy.html) is the HTML version of part 5 (and last) of "The Red Cell and Anemia." It covers sickle cell disease, hemoglobins C and E, and alpha- and beta-thalassemias.
>
> [**Hematopathologic Phenotypes Made Mockingly Simple: A Remedy For CDphobia**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/cdphobia/cdphobia.html), by [Margaret Uthman, MD](http://dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu/faculty/bios/uthman/uthman.html) (artwork and layout by me) consists of two flow charts that attempt to impose some order on the cacophony of cluster designators used in the diagnostic evaluation of lymphomas and leukemias. This is aimed at pathology residents, general pathologists, and flow cytometry lab staffers.
>
> [**Understanding Anemia**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/unanemia/unanemia_outline.html), my first book, is now available in hardback and paper. The publisher has graciously allowed me to post the full text of Chapter 1 online. You can access it through the book outline at this link.
>
> [**Longevity of U.S. Presidents**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pres_longev.html). Did 20th century health care help modern presidents live longer than their 19th century counterparts? You may be surprised.
>
> [**Elemental Composition of the Body**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/elements_of_body.html) is a simple table that lists, in descending order of abundance, all 59 chemical elements present in measurable amounts in the human body. For each element, the table shows 1) the weight of element present in a 70-kilogram person, 2) the volume occupied by that much of the purified element, and 3) how big a cube made up of that quantity of purified element would be.
>
> **.PDF documents**
>
> ["The Red Cell and Anemia"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/redcell.pdf) is a companion to a sophomore med student lecture I give on this subject. It is 51 pages long, 19000 words, and has line drawings and tables. It is just about everything you would need to teach red cell diseases to med students and medical technology students. 228K.
>
> ["Hematologic Infections"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/heme_infections.pdf), co-written with my wife, [Margaret](http://dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu/faculty/bios/uthman/uthman.html), is a lecture syllabus covering granulomatous lymphadenitis (fungal and bacterial), cat scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, Epstein-Barr virus (including infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder), visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, parvovirus B19, HTLV-1, and a little bit on HIV. 11 pages, 4200 words, 34K.
>
> ["Bacterial Sepsis"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/sepsis.pdf) is the syllabus for a lecture on bacterial sepsis aimed at second-year medical students. 8 pages, 3300 words, 27K.
>
> ["Pathology For Colon & Rectal Surgeons"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/colorect.pdf) is much more than that. Written by my erudite partner, Gerry del Junco, MD, this 73-page formatted document is the ultimate pathology Board-review resource in intestinal pathology. Just add photos, and you've got the equivalent of a $200 subspecialty textbook for free (non-commercial use only, please). This is the 2002 revision. 393K.
>
> ["Surgical Pathology Quality Assurance Score Sheet"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/qa_score_sheet.pdf) is a weighted scoring form for reporting QA case reviews in surgical pathology. Every case starts with a "zero" score and gets points deducted for various deficiencies. Guidelines are given for how many points to deduct for each peccadillo. There is also a [native version](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/QASCORE.DOC) of this 8K file in [Microsoft Word](http://www.microsoft.com/word/) format, for those who wish to edit it.
>
> ["Beyond the Paraffin Curtain: The Pathologist As Laboratory Director"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/beyond_paraffin_curtain.pdf) is a printed companion for a talk I gave to the Texas Society of Pathologists Young Pathologists Section in 2012. These are my thoughts on how to approach the job of serving as a clinical laboratory medical director.
>
> [RhoGam Flowchart](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/RhoGam_Flowchart_2012.pdf) is an algorithm for working up parturient mothers for treatment with Rh(D)-immune globulin (RhoGam). This is used to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies in Rh(D)-negative women.
>
> [Timeline of Human Evolution](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/Timeline%20of%20Human%20Evolution.pdf) is a one-page crib sheet covering salient points in the pre-history of our species, from our divergence from the ancestors of the chimpanzee to about 12,000 years ago, when Homo sapiens was left as the sole hominin on the planet.
>
> [**Pathology images**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/specimens/index.html)
>
> This is a collection of specimen images that I have released into the public domain. The index page is
>
> [here.](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/specimens/index.html)
>
> The image files are all JPEG with longest dimension between 550 and 650 pixels.
>
> Since my ISP limits my space here severely, I have begun to add specimen images to a [section in my Flickr account](http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/sets/72057594114099781/). The images there have much higher resolution than those here.
>
> **Other binary files**
>
> ["Placenta"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/placenta.sit) is a **downloadable**[Stuffit](http://www.aladdinsys.com/consumer/expander1.html) archive containing my spreadsheet for calculating normal ranges of placental weights and plotting an individual patient's placental weight on the resulting nomogram. The spreadsheet can be modified with your institution's logo and your personal signature line by anyone who has a bit of working knowledge of [Microsoft Excel](http://www.microsoft.com/office/excel/default.asp). There are two files in the archive. PLACENTA.XLS is the spreadsheet template itself, and PLACDOC.TXT is documentation on how to use the spreadsheet. Public domain, 15K.
>
> ["Grouper"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/grouper.sit) (version 2.1) is a Microsoft Excel worksheet that accepts up to 1000 numerical datapoints, calculates descriptive statistics of the sample, collates the data into a user- specified number of groups, and draws a histogram of the grouped data. It can also accept user-specified exclusion criteria, allowing outliers to be filtered out of the dataset before the histogram is constructed. I developed it as an aid to determine lab test reference ranges. This is a Stuffit archive containing the spreadsheet, GROUPER.XLS, and the documentation, GROUPER.TXT. Public domain, 56K.
>
> ["A Taxonomic Guide to the Pathology Kingdom"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pthcreer.ppt) is a PowerPoint presentation on pathology as a career, comparing the world of academic pathology with that of private practice. This will be pretty obscure for anyone who is not fascinated by scientific names of biological species. You have been warned. 44K.

* **Ed Uthman's home page**

<http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/>

below copied from this page for my future personal use.

> **Original pathology- and lab medicine-related resources**
>
> verything in this section is free for noncommercial use, unless otherwise stated.
>
> **HTML documents**
>
> [**A Screenwriter's Guide to the Autopsy**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/Autop.html)
>
> is a narrative account of a routine autopsy for the use of novelists and screenwriters. I have gone into great detail as to sights, smells, and character sketches \["The classic Usenet FAQ for screenwriters" --
>
> [American Medical News](http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/index.htm)
>
> , 12/15/97] 27K.
>
> [**Autopsy Tools**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/autopsy_tools.html) is is photo gallery and glossary of the instruments used by prosectors in performing autopsies.
>
> [**Lab Test Interpretation**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/lab_test.html) is an encyclopedic resource aimed at health professionals. It lists the major routine clinical lab tests offered in a chemistry profile and complete blood count and gives many of the diagnostic possibilities for abnormal values of each.
>
> [**Gross Specimen Photography**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/gross_photo.html) is an introduction to photography in general and is aimed at junior pathology residents who are confronted for the first time with having to take gross photographs of specimens. There are also a few links to other good photography Web resources.
>
> [**Exotic Infections**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/exotic_infections.html) is a companion piece to my sophomore med student lecture covering Lyme disease, non-venereal treponematoses, plague, cholera, typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rickettsialpox, and ehrlichiosis, with extensive historical notes.
>
> [**Forensic Pathology**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/forensic_path.html) is a companion to an introductory lecture on the subject for medical students. It is very basic.
>
> [**Forensic Pathology Careers: Frequently Asked Questions**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/forensic_career.html) is something I put together in response to all the folks who have written me about their desire to look into a career in forensic pathology. Be warned: these are my opinions only. You may also wish to check out the Web site of the [National Association of Medical Examiners](http://www.thename.org/medical_detective.htm).
>
> [**The Biopsy Report: A Patient's Guide**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/biopsy.html) is a patient education piece for those who would like to try their hand at understanding their biopsy report. It deals with types of biopsies, tissue processing and examination, and gross and microscopic descriptions. It also has a glossary of pathologic terms.
>
> [**Tips For Making Good Pap Smears**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pap_tips.html) is a brief piece on how to get a good smear and minimize the number of smears unnecessarily classified as atypical. This is aimed at gynecologists, primary care physicians, midwives, nurses, and others who collect Paps.
>
> **The Red Cell and Anemia** is a series of 5 HTML documents. For the downloadable .PDF version see below.
>
> 1.
> 2. [**Blood cells and the CBC**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/blood_cells.html) is an illustrated introduction to the types of human blood cells and their assessment with the routine complete blood count (CBC). This is part 1 (of 5) of "The Red Cell and Anemia" (see below) but includes photomicrographs.
> 3. [**Anemia: Pathophysiologic Consequences, Classification, and Clinical Investigation**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/anemia/anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 2 of "The Red Cell and Anemia."
> 4. [**Nutritional Anemias and Anemia of Chronic Disease**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/nutritional_anemia/nutritional_anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 3 of "The Red Cell and Anemia." Included are iron, folate, and B 12 deficiencies.
> 5. [**Hemolytic Anemias**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/hemolytic_anemia/hemolytic_anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 4 of "The Red Cell and Anemia."
> 6. [**Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/hemoglobinopathy/hemoglobinopathy.html) is the HTML version of part 5 (and last) of "The Red Cell and Anemia." It covers sickle cell disease, hemoglobins C and E, and alpha- and beta-thalassemias.
>
> [**Hematopathologic Phenotypes Made Mockingly Simple: A Remedy For CDphobia**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/cdphobia/cdphobia.html), by [Margaret Uthman, MD](http://dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu/faculty/bios/uthman/uthman.html) (artwork and layout by me) consists of two flow charts that attempt to impose some order on the cacophony of cluster designators used in the diagnostic evaluation of lymphomas and leukemias. This is aimed at pathology residents, general pathologists, and flow cytometry lab staffers.
>
> [**Understanding Anemia**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/unanemia/unanemia_outline.html), my first book, is now available in hardback and paper. The publisher has graciously allowed me to post the full text of Chapter 1 online. You can access it through the book outline at this link.
>
> [**Longevity of U.S. Presidents**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pres_longev.html). Did 20th century health care help modern presidents live longer than their 19th century counterparts? You may be surprised.
>
> [**Elemental Composition of the Body**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/elements_of_body.html) is a simple table that lists, in descending order of abundance, all 59 chemical elements present in measurable amounts in the human body. For each element, the table shows 1) the weight of element present in a 70-kilogram person, 2) the volume occupied by that much of the purified element, and 3) how big a cube made up of that quantity of purified element would be.
>
> **.PDF documents**
>
> ["The Red Cell and Anemia"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/redcell.pdf) is a companion to a sophomore med student lecture I give on this subject. It is 51 pages long, 19000 words, and has line drawings and tables. It is just about everything you would need to teach red cell diseases to med students and medical technology students. 228K.
>
> ["Hematologic Infections"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/heme_infections.pdf), co-written with my wife, [Margaret](http://dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu/faculty/bios/uthman/uthman.html), is a lecture syllabus covering granulomatous lymphadenitis (fungal and bacterial), cat scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, Epstein-Barr virus (including infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder), visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, parvovirus B19, HTLV-1, and a little bit on HIV. 11 pages, 4200 words, 34K.
>
> ["Bacterial Sepsis"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/sepsis.pdf) is the syllabus for a lecture on bacterial sepsis aimed at second-year medical students. 8 pages, 3300 words, 27K.
>
> ["Pathology For Colon & Rectal Surgeons"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/colorect.pdf) is much more than that. Written by my erudite partner, Gerry del Junco, MD, this 73-page formatted document is the ultimate pathology Board-review resource in intestinal pathology. Just add photos, and you've got the equivalent of a $200 subspecialty textbook for free (non-commercial use only, please). This is the 2002 revision. 393K.
>
> ["Surgical Pathology Quality Assurance Score Sheet"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/qa_score_sheet.pdf) is a weighted scoring form for reporting QA case reviews in surgical pathology. Every case starts with a "zero" score and gets points deducted for various deficiencies. Guidelines are given for how many points to deduct for each peccadillo. There is also a [native version](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/QASCORE.DOC) of this 8K file in [Microsoft Word](http://www.microsoft.com/word/) format, for those who wish to edit it.
>
> ["Beyond the Paraffin Curtain: The Pathologist As Laboratory Director"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/beyond_paraffin_curtain.pdf) is a printed companion for a talk I gave to the Texas Society of Pathologists Young Pathologists Section in 2012. These are my thoughts on how to approach the job of serving as a clinical laboratory medical director.
>
> [RhoGam Flowchart](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/RhoGam_Flowchart_2012.pdf) is an algorithm for working up parturient mothers for treatment with Rh(D)-immune globulin (RhoGam). This is used to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies in Rh(D)-negative women.
>
> [Timeline of Human Evolution](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/Timeline%20of%20Human%20Evolution.pdf) is a one-page crib sheet covering salient points in the pre-history of our species, from our divergence from the ancestors of the chimpanzee to about 12,000 years ago, when Homo sapiens was left as the sole hominin on the planet.
>
> [**Pathology images**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/specimens/index.html)
>
> This is a collection of specimen images that I have released into the public domain. The index page is
>
> [here.](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/specimens/index.html)
>
> The image files are all JPEG with longest dimension between 550 and 650 pixels.
>
> Since my ISP limits my space here severely, I have begun to add specimen images to a [section in my Flickr account](http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/sets/72057594114099781/). The images there have much higher resolution than those here.
>
> **Other binary files**
>
> ["Placenta"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/placenta.sit) is a **downloadable**[Stuffit](http://www.aladdinsys.com/consumer/expander1.html) archive containing my spreadsheet for calculating normal ranges of placental weights and plotting an individual patient's placental weight on the resulting nomogram. The spreadsheet can be modified with your institution's logo and your personal signature line by anyone who has a bit of working knowledge of [Microsoft Excel](http://www.microsoft.com/office/excel/default.asp). There are two files in the archive. PLACENTA.XLS is the spreadsheet template itself, and PLACDOC.TXT is documentation on how to use the spreadsheet. Public domain, 15K.
>
> ["Grouper"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/grouper.sit) (version 2.1) is a Microsoft Excel worksheet that accepts up to 1000 numerical datapoints, calculates descriptive statistics of the sample, collates the data into a user- specified number of groups, and draws a histogram of the grouped data. It can also accept user-specified exclusion criteria, allowing outliers to be filtered out of the dataset before the histogram is constructed. I developed it as an aid to determine lab test reference ranges. This is a Stuffit archive containing the spreadsheet, GROUPER.XLS, and the documentation, GROUPER.TXT. Public domain, 56K.
>
> ["A Taxonomic Guide to the Pathology Kingdom"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pthcreer.ppt) is a PowerPoint presentation on pathology as a career, comparing the world of academic pathology with that of private practice. This will be pretty obscure for anyone who is not fascinated by scientific names of biological species. You have been warned. 44K.

## Web sites of Pathologists

* **Ed Uthman's home page**

<http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/>

below copied from this page for my future personal use.

> **Original pathology- and lab medicine-related resources**
>
> verything in this section is free for noncommercial use, unless otherwise stated.
>
> **HTML documents**
>
> [**A Screenwriter's Guide to the Autopsy**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/Autop.html)
>
> is a narrative account of a routine autopsy for the use of novelists and screenwriters. I have gone into great detail as to sights, smells, and character sketches \["The classic Usenet FAQ for screenwriters" --
>
> [American Medical News](http://www.ama-assn.org/amednews/index.htm)
>
> , 12/15/97] 27K.
>
> [**Autopsy Tools**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/autopsy_tools.html) is is photo gallery and glossary of the instruments used by prosectors in performing autopsies.
>
> [**Lab Test Interpretation**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/lab_test.html) is an encyclopedic resource aimed at health professionals. It lists the major routine clinical lab tests offered in a chemistry profile and complete blood count and gives many of the diagnostic possibilities for abnormal values of each.
>
> [**Gross Specimen Photography**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/gross_photo.html) is an introduction to photography in general and is aimed at junior pathology residents who are confronted for the first time with having to take gross photographs of specimens. There are also a few links to other good photography Web resources.
>
> [**Exotic Infections**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/exotic_infections.html) is a companion piece to my sophomore med student lecture covering Lyme disease, non-venereal treponematoses, plague, cholera, typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rickettsialpox, and ehrlichiosis, with extensive historical notes.
>
> [**Forensic Pathology**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/forensic_path.html) is a companion to an introductory lecture on the subject for medical students. It is very basic.
>
> [**Forensic Pathology Careers: Frequently Asked Questions**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/forensic_career.html) is something I put together in response to all the folks who have written me about their desire to look into a career in forensic pathology. Be warned: these are my opinions only. You may also wish to check out the Web site of the [National Association of Medical Examiners](http://www.thename.org/medical_detective.htm).
>
> [**The Biopsy Report: A Patient's Guide**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/biopsy.html) is a patient education piece for those who would like to try their hand at understanding their biopsy report. It deals with types of biopsies, tissue processing and examination, and gross and microscopic descriptions. It also has a glossary of pathologic terms.
>
> [**Tips For Making Good Pap Smears**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pap_tips.html) is a brief piece on how to get a good smear and minimize the number of smears unnecessarily classified as atypical. This is aimed at gynecologists, primary care physicians, midwives, nurses, and others who collect Paps.
>
> **The Red Cell and Anemia** is a series of 5 HTML documents. For the downloadable .PDF version see below.
>
> 1. 1. [**Blood cells and the CBC**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/blood_cells.html) is an illustrated introduction to the types of human blood cells and their assessment with the routine complete blood count (CBC). This is part 1 (of 5) of "The Red Cell and Anemia" (see below) but includes photomicrographs.
> 2. [**Anemia: Pathophysiologic Consequences, Classification, and Clinical Investigation**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/anemia/anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 2 of "The Red Cell and Anemia."
> 3. [**Nutritional Anemias and Anemia of Chronic Disease**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/nutritional_anemia/nutritional_anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 3 of "The Red Cell and Anemia." Included are iron, folate, and B 12 deficiencies.
> 4. [**Hemolytic Anemias**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/hemolytic_anemia/hemolytic_anemia.html) is the HTML version of part 4 of "The Red Cell and Anemia."
> 5. [**Hemoglobinopathies and Thalassemias**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/hemoglobinopathy/hemoglobinopathy.html) is the HTML version of part 5 (and last) of "The Red Cell and Anemia." It covers sickle cell disease, hemoglobins C and E, and alpha- and beta-thalassemias.
>
> [**Hematopathologic Phenotypes Made Mockingly Simple: A Remedy For CDphobia**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/cdphobia/cdphobia.html), by [Margaret Uthman, MD](http://dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu/faculty/bios/uthman/uthman.html) (artwork and layout by me) consists of two flow charts that attempt to impose some order on the cacophony of cluster designators used in the diagnostic evaluation of lymphomas and leukemias. This is aimed at pathology residents, general pathologists, and flow cytometry lab staffers.
>
> [**Understanding Anemia**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/unanemia/unanemia_outline.html), my first book, is now available in hardback and paper. The publisher has graciously allowed me to post the full text of Chapter 1 online. You can access it through the book outline at this link.
>
> [**Longevity of U.S. Presidents**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pres_longev.html). Did 20th century health care help modern presidents live longer than their 19th century counterparts? You may be surprised.
>
> [**Elemental Composition of the Body**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/elements_of_body.html) is a simple table that lists, in descending order of abundance, all 59 chemical elements present in measurable amounts in the human body. For each element, the table shows 1) the weight of element present in a 70-kilogram person, 2) the volume occupied by that much of the purified element, and 3) how big a cube made up of that quantity of purified element would be.
>
> **.PDF documents**
>
> ["The Red Cell and Anemia"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/redcell.pdf) is a companion to a sophomore med student lecture I give on this subject. It is 51 pages long, 19000 words, and has line drawings and tables. It is just about everything you would need to teach red cell diseases to med students and medical technology students. 228K.
>
> ["Hematologic Infections"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/heme_infections.pdf), co-written with my wife, [Margaret](http://dpalm.med.uth.tmc.edu/faculty/bios/uthman/uthman.html), is a lecture syllabus covering granulomatous lymphadenitis (fungal and bacterial), cat scratch disease, toxoplasmosis, Epstein-Barr virus (including infectious mononucleosis, Burkitt's lymphoma, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder), visceral leishmaniasis, malaria, lymphatic filariasis, parvovirus B19, HTLV-1, and a little bit on HIV. 11 pages, 4200 words, 34K.
>
> ["Bacterial Sepsis"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/sepsis.pdf) is the syllabus for a lecture on bacterial sepsis aimed at second-year medical students. 8 pages, 3300 words, 27K.
>
> ["Pathology For Colon & Rectal Surgeons"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/colorect.pdf) is much more than that. Written by my erudite partner, Gerry del Junco, MD, this 73-page formatted document is the ultimate pathology Board-review resource in intestinal pathology. Just add photos, and you've got the equivalent of a $200 subspecialty textbook for free (non-commercial use only, please). This is the 2002 revision. 393K.
>
> ["Surgical Pathology Quality Assurance Score Sheet"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/qa_score_sheet.pdf) is a weighted scoring form for reporting QA case reviews in surgical pathology. Every case starts with a "zero" score and gets points deducted for various deficiencies. Guidelines are given for how many points to deduct for each peccadillo. There is also a [native version](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/QASCORE.DOC) of this 8K file in [Microsoft Word](http://www.microsoft.com/word/) format, for those who wish to edit it.
>
> ["Beyond the Paraffin Curtain: The Pathologist As Laboratory Director"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pdf_documents/beyond_paraffin_curtain.pdf) is a printed companion for a talk I gave to the Texas Society of Pathologists Young Pathologists Section in 2012. These are my thoughts on how to approach the job of serving as a clinical laboratory medical director.
>
> [RhoGam Flowchart](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/RhoGam_Flowchart_2012.pdf) is an algorithm for working up parturient mothers for treatment with Rh(D)-immune globulin (RhoGam). This is used to prevent hemolytic disease of the newborn in subsequent pregnancies in Rh(D)-negative women.
>
> [Timeline of Human Evolution](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/Timeline%20of%20Human%20Evolution.pdf) is a one-page crib sheet covering salient points in the pre-history of our species, from our divergence from the ancestors of the chimpanzee to about 12,000 years ago, when Homo sapiens was left as the sole hominin on the planet.
>
> [**Pathology images**](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/specimens/index.html)
>
> This is a collection of specimen images that I have released into the public domain. The index page is
>
> [here.](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/specimens/index.html)
>
> The image files are all JPEG with longest dimension between 550 and 650 pixels.
>
> Since my ISP limits my space here severely, I have begun to add specimen images to a [section in my Flickr account](http://www.flickr.com/photos/euthman/sets/72057594114099781/). The images there have much higher resolution than those here.
>
> **Other binary files**
>
> ["Placenta"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/placenta.sit) is a **downloadable**[Stuffit](http://www.aladdinsys.com/consumer/expander1.html) archive containing my spreadsheet for calculating normal ranges of placental weights and plotting an individual patient's placental weight on the resulting nomogram. The spreadsheet can be modified with your institution's logo and your personal signature line by anyone who has a bit of working knowledge of [Microsoft Excel](http://www.microsoft.com/office/excel/default.asp). There are two files in the archive. PLACENTA.XLS is the spreadsheet template itself, and PLACDOC.TXT is documentation on how to use the spreadsheet. Public domain, 15K.
>
> ["Grouper"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/grouper.sit) (version 2.1) is a Microsoft Excel worksheet that accepts up to 1000 numerical datapoints, calculates descriptive statistics of the sample, collates the data into a user- specified number of groups, and draws a histogram of the grouped data. It can also accept user-specified exclusion criteria, allowing outliers to be filtered out of the dataset before the histogram is constructed. I developed it as an aid to determine lab test reference ranges. This is a Stuffit archive containing the spreadsheet, GROUPER.XLS, and the documentation, GROUPER.TXT. Public domain, 56K.
>
> ["A Taxonomic Guide to the Pathology Kingdom"](http://web2.airmail.net/uthman/pthcreer.ppt) is a PowerPoint presentation on pathology as a career, comparing the world of academic pathology with that of private practice. This will be pretty obscure for anyone who is not fascinated by scientific names of biological species. You have been warned. 44K.


# Unknowns

## Unknowns

* Johns Hopkins Surgical Pathology Unknown Conference site

<http://apps.pathology.jhu.edu/sp/about-this-site/>

* Johns Hopkins Surgical Pathology Unknown Conference site

<http://apps.pathology.jhu.edu/sp/about-this-site/>

## Unknowns

* Johns Hopkins Surgical Pathology Unknown Conference site

<http://apps.pathology.jhu.edu/sp/about-this-site/>


# Photography

## Photography

Smartphone Microscopic Photography - The Morrison Technique: Free Hand, No Adapter

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfd9ViHBlR4>

AS Morrison, JM Gardner. Smart phone microscopic photography: a novel tool for physicians and trainees. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014 Aug; 138(8):1002.

[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/do...](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED)

AO Morrison, JM Gardner. Microscopic image photography techniques of the past, present, and future. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015 Dec; 139(12):1558-64.

[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/do...](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.5858/arpa.2014-0315-RA)

AO Morrison, JM Gardner. The Morrison technique: a free-hand method for capturing photomicrographs using a smartphone. J Cutan Pathol. 2016 May;43(5):472-4

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679477)

Haldun Umudum (2015) Smart Phones and Microscopic Image Capturing: Searching, Finding, Capturing, Talking About, as Well as Sharing Microscopic Images of Pathologic Conditions Form Another Type of Learning Module. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: July 2015, Vol. 139, No. 7, pp. 847-847.

<https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2014-0436-LE>

Low power microscopy photo

<https://www.facebook.com/groups/1866953236891815/permalink/1973655406221597/>

<https://www.facebook.com/groups/1866953236891815/permalink/1973804732873331/>

Smartphone Microscopic Photography - The Morrison Technique: Free Hand, No Adapter

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfd9ViHBlR4>

AS Morrison, JM Gardner. Smart phone microscopic photography: a novel tool for physicians and trainees. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014 Aug; 138(8):1002.

[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/do...](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED)

AO Morrison, JM Gardner. Microscopic image photography techniques of the past, present, and future. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015 Dec; 139(12):1558-64.

[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/do...](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.5858/arpa.2014-0315-RA)

AO Morrison, JM Gardner. The Morrison technique: a free-hand method for capturing photomicrographs using a smartphone. J Cutan Pathol. 2016 May;43(5):472-4

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679477)

Haldun Umudum (2015) Smart Phones and Microscopic Image Capturing: Searching, Finding, Capturing, Talking About, as Well as Sharing Microscopic Images of Pathologic Conditions Form Another Type of Learning Module. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: July 2015, Vol. 139, No. 7, pp. 847-847.

<https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2014-0436-LE>

Low power microscopy photo

<https://www.facebook.com/groups/1866953236891815/permalink/1973655406221597/>

<https://www.facebook.com/groups/1866953236891815/permalink/1973804732873331/>

## Photography

Smartphone Microscopic Photography - The Morrison Technique: Free Hand, No Adapter

<https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cfd9ViHBlR4>

AS Morrison, JM Gardner. Smart phone microscopic photography: a novel tool for physicians and trainees. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014 Aug; 138(8):1002.

[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/do...](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.5858/arpa.2013-0425-ED)

AO Morrison, JM Gardner. Microscopic image photography techniques of the past, present, and future. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2015 Dec; 139(12):1558-64.

[http://www.archivesofpathology.org/do...](http://www.archivesofpathology.org/doi/pdf/10.5858/arpa.2014-0315-RA)

AO Morrison, JM Gardner. The Morrison technique: a free-hand method for capturing photomicrographs using a smartphone. J Cutan Pathol. 2016 May;43(5):472-4

[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679477)

Haldun Umudum (2015) Smart Phones and Microscopic Image Capturing: Searching, Finding, Capturing, Talking About, as Well as Sharing Microscopic Images of Pathologic Conditions Form Another Type of Learning Module. Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine: July 2015, Vol. 139, No. 7, pp. 847-847.

<https://doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2014-0436-LE>

Low power microscopy photo

<https://www.facebook.com/groups/1866953236891815/permalink/1973655406221597/>

<https://www.facebook.com/groups/1866953236891815/permalink/1973804732873331/>


# Pathology Associations


# Pathology Webinars

## Pathology Webinars

## Pathology Webinars

* University of Pittsburgh Pathology Conference

<http://pathologyconference.upmc.edu/>

* Washington University in St. Louis Nephrology Web Series

<https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC1mJLTtBsf6PTbuiv08vcOA/videos>


# Pathology as a Career

## Pathology as a Career

## Pathology and Other Departments

* To be or not to be ...a Pathologist

copied from: <https://www.facebook.com/ePathology/posts/10156360987684910>

> While NEET Counselling was going on (now over?) I got a few calls from friends / acquaintances asking if Pathology is a good option for post graduation. It's not the first time I've been asked this but it always makes me smile.\
> Because the reason behind the query is this -- Nobody remembers what Pathology was like! I mean, nobody ever asks if pediatrics or surgery or dermatology or ophthalmology etc are good options. But Pathology ... hmm... what exactly did we learn in Pathology? With apologies to brainiacs who still remember the page numbers of their Robbins textbook, I would say that for the majority of students, Pathology was a rather vague and confusing subject where the pathogeneses and morphologies of all the diseases seemed to be composed of the same set of words all jumbled up and rearranged in slightly different orders. Or, for the really pathologically-challenged group, it was that subject where the slide with the broken corner was Adenocarcinoma colon, the slide with torn sticker was Amoebiasis, etc. I presume the MBBS students of today might have a far better understanding owing to their access to the internet.\
> But back to THE question -- Is Pathology a good option for postgraduation? I usually respond with another question -- Why do you think Pathology would be a good option? -- and these are the oft heard replies:
>
> 1. I don't want my wife to be as busy as me, so I told her to take up Pathology (Number 1 answer by male doctors with doctor wives. These husbands end up with heavy regrets).
> 2. I don't want a hectic subject for postgraduation, so I thought of Pathology (Major disappointment waiting around the corner).
> 3. I didn't get General Medicine, so the closest option is Pathology (Huh? Really?).
> 4. It's what I got and I just took it.
>
>    In all scenarios I always give the same answer -- Take Pathology ONLY if you love the subject.\
>    Why?
>
>    1.Pathology is not easy.\
>    The tissue on the slide is not going to wave a flag at you declaring 'I am synovial sarcoma' or 'I am Marginal zone lymphoma'. You are viewing 2D sections of 3D tissues. So it takes skill and a sharp, trained eye to realize that maybe what you are viewing is not a tumorous process at all but rather a tissue section that has been cut at a wrong angle.The black and white diagnoses in the textbooks are just references to the vast ocean of grey zone diagnoses. Immense patience and tireless sifting through voluminous tomes and online literature are needed at times before a diagnosis can be arrived at.
> 5. You are starting from square one.\
>    If your slate has been wiped clean after you passed 2nd year MBBS, then you will be starting with normal histology in your 1st year of postgraduation. However, even if your slate is still intact, just remember that all the slides you ever learned to diagnose in 2nd year was just the teeny tiny tip of a ginormous iceberg.
> 6. It's a long road.\
>    Pathology has advanced drastically. Histomorphology has taken a backseat to immunohistochemistry which is on the way to taking a backseat to molecular pathology. Sub-specialities are becoming important and it won't be long before DM courses pop up for each. So if you are starting from square 1 in normal histology, you have a long and tedious journey ahead of you.
> 7. A smelly, messy affair.\
>    Yes, it is. Faeces loaded colons, dermoid cysts, ulcerated squamous cell carcinomas, formalin, acetic acid, ammonia .... your nose is going to get assaulted a lot. So get used to it.\
>    And, surprise! -- Forensic Medicine is an unavoidable part of Pathology. Remember your forensics posting? Remember that smell when the abdomen is cut open? Well, you will have to perform autopsies.
> 8. It's a lonely job.\
>    Most of the time it will be just You, Yourself and the Microscope. Silence and solitude.
> 9. Say goodbye to the stethoscope.\
>    The enormity of this might hit some only after venturing a little into Pathology. Your patients are going to come to you in jars -- as organs pickled in formalin. Face to face interactions with patients will range from an occasional FNAC procedure to NIL. In all probability, you will never ever interact with patients again.
> 10. Patients do not see you as a 'real' doctor ... and sadly, neither do several clinicians.\
>     I've been asked questions like 'What job is that?' and 'Did you do lab technician course?' and 'Oh, it is a teaching course.' The ignorant public can be forgiven for thinking that a doctor without a stethoscope is not a doctor at all. But what of (some) colleagues in clinical specialities who share the same opinion? To them I say please spend 2 days with me in my department before you tell me again how Pathology is an inferior form of general medicine.
> 11. The Limelight.\
>     Don't expect to be thanked for solving a diagnostic dilemma that probably saved your patient a limb or a surgery. The handshakes and tears of gratitude are reserved for the clinicians. No patient will ever come looking for the pathologist to thank her/him for deducing that his clinical diagnosis of osteosarcoma was infact a myositis ossificans. Most patients don't understand your importance, and for some, you don't even exist.
> 12. Responsibility.\
>     Just like Arthur Hailey's famous book, the pathologist's report is The Final Diagnosis that can make or break a clinical diagnosis. You can shout from the rooftop that it's a germ cell tumor of the ovary, but that won't change our diagnosis of endometriotic ovarian cyst. We see it, you don't.
> 13. Money.\
>     The last on the list. Pathologists are one of the poorest paid doctors. I'm yet to see one who owns a Benz or Audi (unless he or she is married to a clinician).
>
>     I had to put up a bit of a fight when I opted to renounce the stethoscope for the microscope. It's not easy to convince your relations who are just waiting to bask in the glory of having a gynecologist or cardiologist in the family. 'Nee enthinaa malam moothram parishodikkunna doctor aavunnathu?' (Why do you want to become the doctor that examines urine and stool).\
>     But as one will literally be married to one's specialization till death do you part, it was the best decision I ever made.
>
>     The summary is -- Don't be mislead by visions of a lazy job. Don't give in to the misconceptions of an ignorant spouse.\
>     If you are not prepared for a demanding and exhausting desk job in a silent and isolated corner of the hospital, spending lonely hours rotating between the microscope, computer and reference books, then Pathology is not for you.\
>     I know enough people who are still living with the regret of opting for Pathology.
>
>     Author: Anonymous Pathologist

* To be or not to be ...a Pathologist

copied from: <https://www.facebook.com/ePathology/posts/10156360987684910>

> While NEET Counselling was going on (now over?) I got a few calls from friends / acquaintances asking if Pathology is a good option for post graduation. It's not the first time I've been asked this but it always makes me smile.\
> Because the reason behind the query is this -- Nobody remembers what Pathology was like! I mean, nobody ever asks if pediatrics or surgery or dermatology or ophthalmology etc are good options. But Pathology ... hmm... what exactly did we learn in Pathology? With apologies to brainiacs who still remember the page numbers of their Robbins textbook, I would say that for the majority of students, Pathology was a rather vague and confusing subject where the pathogeneses and morphologies of all the diseases seemed to be composed of the same set of words all jumbled up and rearranged in slightly different orders. Or, for the really pathologically-challenged group, it was that subject where the slide with the broken corner was Adenocarcinoma colon, the slide with torn sticker was Amoebiasis, etc. I presume the MBBS students of today might have a far better understanding owing to their access to the internet.\
> But back to THE question -- Is Pathology a good option for postgraduation? I usually respond with another question -- Why do you think Pathology would be a good option? -- and these are the oft heard replies:
>
> 1. I don't want my wife to be as busy as me, so I told her to take up Pathology (Number 1 answer by male doctors with doctor wives. These husbands end up with heavy regrets).
> 2. I don't want a hectic subject for postgraduation, so I thought of Pathology (Major disappointment waiting around the corner).
> 3. I didn't get General Medicine, so the closest option is Pathology (Huh? Really?).
> 4. It's what I got and I just took it.
>
>    In all scenarios I always give the same answer -- Take Pathology ONLY if you love the subject.\
>    Why?
>
>    1.Pathology is not easy.\
>    The tissue on the slide is not going to wave a flag at you declaring 'I am synovial sarcoma' or 'I am Marginal zone lymphoma'. You are viewing 2D sections of 3D tissues. So it takes skill and a sharp, trained eye to realize that maybe what you are viewing is not a tumorous process at all but rather a tissue section that has been cut at a wrong angle.The black and white diagnoses in the textbooks are just references to the vast ocean of grey zone diagnoses. Immense patience and tireless sifting through voluminous tomes and online literature are needed at times before a diagnosis can be arrived at.
> 5. You are starting from square one.\
>    If your slate has been wiped clean after you passed 2nd year MBBS, then you will be starting with normal histology in your 1st year of postgraduation. However, even if your slate is still intact, just remember that all the slides you ever learned to diagnose in 2nd year was just the teeny tiny tip of a ginormous iceberg.
> 6. It's a long road.\
>    Pathology has advanced drastically. Histomorphology has taken a backseat to immunohistochemistry which is on the way to taking a backseat to molecular pathology. Sub-specialities are becoming important and it won't be long before DM courses pop up for each. So if you are starting from square 1 in normal histology, you have a long and tedious journey ahead of you.
> 7. A smelly, messy affair.\
>    Yes, it is. Faeces loaded colons, dermoid cysts, ulcerated squamous cell carcinomas, formalin, acetic acid, ammonia .... your nose is going to get assaulted a lot. So get used to it.\
>    And, surprise! -- Forensic Medicine is an unavoidable part of Pathology. Remember your forensics posting? Remember that smell when the abdomen is cut open? Well, you will have to perform autopsies.
> 8. It's a lonely job.\
>    Most of the time it will be just You, Yourself and the Microscope. Silence and solitude.
> 9. Say goodbye to the stethoscope.\
>    The enormity of this might hit some only after venturing a little into Pathology. Your patients are going to come to you in jars -- as organs pickled in formalin. Face to face interactions with patients will range from an occasional FNAC procedure to NIL. In all probability, you will never ever interact with patients again.
> 10. Patients do not see you as a 'real' doctor ... and sadly, neither do several clinicians.\
>     I've been asked questions like 'What job is that?' and 'Did you do lab technician course?' and 'Oh, it is a teaching course.' The ignorant public can be forgiven for thinking that a doctor without a stethoscope is not a doctor at all. But what of (some) colleagues in clinical specialities who share the same opinion? To them I say please spend 2 days with me in my department before you tell me again how Pathology is an inferior form of general medicine.
> 11. The Limelight.\
>     Don't expect to be thanked for solving a diagnostic dilemma that probably saved your patient a limb or a surgery. The handshakes and tears of gratitude are reserved for the clinicians. No patient will ever come looking for the pathologist to thank her/him for deducing that his clinical diagnosis of osteosarcoma was infact a myositis ossificans. Most patients don't understand your importance, and for some, you don't even exist.
> 12. Responsibility.\
>     Just like Arthur Hailey's famous book, the pathologist's report is The Final Diagnosis that can make or break a clinical diagnosis. You can shout from the rooftop that it's a germ cell tumor of the ovary, but that won't change our diagnosis of endometriotic ovarian cyst. We see it, you don't.
> 13. Money.\
>     The last on the list. Pathologists are one of the poorest paid doctors. I'm yet to see one who owns a Benz or Audi (unless he or she is married to a clinician).
>
>     I had to put up a bit of a fight when I opted to renounce the stethoscope for the microscope. It's not easy to convince your relations who are just waiting to bask in the glory of having a gynecologist or cardiologist in the family. 'Nee enthinaa malam moothram parishodikkunna doctor aavunnathu?' (Why do you want to become the doctor that examines urine and stool).\
>     But as one will literally be married to one's specialization till death do you part, it was the best decision I ever made.
>
>     The summary is -- Don't be mislead by visions of a lazy job. Don't give in to the misconceptions of an ignorant spouse.\
>     If you are not prepared for a demanding and exhausting desk job in a silent and isolated corner of the hospital, spending lonely hours rotating between the microscope, computer and reference books, then Pathology is not for you.\
>     I know enough people who are still living with the regret of opting for Pathology.
>
>     Author: Anonymous Pathologist

## Pathology as a Career

* To be or not to be ...a Pathologist

copied from: <https://www.facebook.com/ePathology/posts/10156360987684910>

> While NEET Counselling was going on (now over?) I got a few calls from friends / acquaintances asking if Pathology is a good option for post graduation. It's not the first time I've been asked this but it always makes me smile.\
> Because the reason behind the query is this -- Nobody remembers what Pathology was like! I mean, nobody ever asks if pediatrics or surgery or dermatology or ophthalmology etc are good options. But Pathology ... hmm... what exactly did we learn in Pathology? With apologies to brainiacs who still remember the page numbers of their Robbins textbook, I would say that for the majority of students, Pathology was a rather vague and confusing subject where the pathogeneses and morphologies of all the diseases seemed to be composed of the same set of words all jumbled up and rearranged in slightly different orders. Or, for the really pathologically-challenged group, it was that subject where the slide with the broken corner was Adenocarcinoma colon, the slide with torn sticker was Amoebiasis, etc. I presume the MBBS students of today might have a far better understanding owing to their access to the internet.\
> But back to THE question -- Is Pathology a good option for postgraduation? I usually respond with another question -- Why do you think Pathology would be a good option? -- and these are the oft heard replies:
>
> 1. I don't want my wife to be as busy as me, so I told her to take up Pathology (Number 1 answer by male doctors with doctor wives. These husbands end up with heavy regrets).
> 2. I don't want a hectic subject for postgraduation, so I thought of Pathology (Major disappointment waiting around the corner).
> 3. I didn't get General Medicine, so the closest option is Pathology (Huh? Really?).
> 4. It's what I got and I just took it.
>
>    In all scenarios I always give the same answer -- Take Pathology ONLY if you love the subject.\
>    Why?
>
>    1.Pathology is not easy.\
>    The tissue on the slide is not going to wave a flag at you declaring 'I am synovial sarcoma' or 'I am Marginal zone lymphoma'. You are viewing 2D sections of 3D tissues. So it takes skill and a sharp, trained eye to realize that maybe what you are viewing is not a tumorous process at all but rather a tissue section that has been cut at a wrong angle.The black and white diagnoses in the textbooks are just references to the vast ocean of grey zone diagnoses. Immense patience and tireless sifting through voluminous tomes and online literature are needed at times before a diagnosis can be arrived at.
> 5. You are starting from square one. If your slate has been wiped clean after you passed 2nd year MBBS, then you will be starting with normal histology in your 1st year of postgraduation. However, even if your slate is still intact, just remember that all the slides you ever learned to diagnose in 2nd year was just the teeny tiny tip of a ginormous iceberg.
> 6. It's a long road. Pathology has advanced drastically. Histomorphology has taken a backseat to immunohistochemistry which is on the way to taking a backseat to molecular pathology. Sub-specialities are becoming important and it won't be long before DM courses pop up for each. So if you are starting from square 1 in normal histology, you have a long and tedious journey ahead of you.
> 7. A smelly, messy affair. Yes, it is. Faeces loaded colons, dermoid cysts, ulcerated squamous cell carcinomas, formalin, acetic acid, ammonia .... your nose is going to get assaulted a lot. So get used to it. And, surprise! -- Forensic Medicine is an unavoidable part of Pathology. Remember your forensics posting? Remember that smell when the abdomen is cut open? Well, you will have to perform autopsies.
> 8. It's a lonely job. Most of the time it will be just You, Yourself and the Microscope. Silence and solitude.
> 9. Say goodbye to the stethoscope. The enormity of this might hit some only after venturing a little into Pathology. Your patients are going to come to you in jars -- as organs pickled in formalin. Face to face interactions with patients will range from an occasional FNAC procedure to NIL. In all probability, you will never ever interact with patients again.
> 10. Patients do not see you as a 'real' doctor ... and sadly, neither do several clinicians. I've been asked questions like 'What job is that?' and 'Did you do lab technician course?' and 'Oh, it is a teaching course.' The ignorant public can be forgiven for thinking that a doctor without a stethoscope is not a doctor at all. But what of (some) colleagues in clinical specialities who share the same opinion? To them I say please spend 2 days with me in my department before you tell me again how Pathology is an inferior form of general medicine.
> 11. The Limelight. Don't expect to be thanked for solving a diagnostic dilemma that probably saved your patient a limb or a surgery. The handshakes and tears of gratitude are reserved for the clinicians. No patient will ever come looking for the pathologist to thank her/him for deducing that his clinical diagnosis of osteosarcoma was infact a myositis ossificans. Most patients don't understand your importance, and for some, you don't even exist.
> 12. Responsibility. Just like Arthur Hailey's famous book, the pathologist's report is The Final Diagnosis that can make or break a clinical diagnosis. You can shout from the rooftop that it's a germ cell tumor of the ovary, but that won't change our diagnosis of endometriotic ovarian cyst. We see it, you don't.
> 13. Money.\
>     The last on the list. Pathologists are one of the poorest paid doctors. I'm yet to see one who owns a Benz or Audi (unless he or she is married to a clinician).
>
>     I had to put up a bit of a fight when I opted to renounce the stethoscope for the microscope. It's not easy to convince your relations who are just waiting to bask in the glory of having a gynecologist or cardiologist in the family. 'Nee enthinaa malam moothram parishodikkunna doctor aavunnathu?' (Why do you want to become the doctor that examines urine and stool).\
>     But as one will literally be married to one's specialization till death do you part, it was the best decision I ever made.
>
>     The summary is -- Don't be mislead by visions of a lazy job. Don't give in to the misconceptions of an ignorant spouse.\
>     If you are not prepared for a demanding and exhausting desk job in a silent and isolated corner of the hospital, spending lonely hours rotating between the microscope, computer and reference books, then Pathology is not for you.\
>     I know enough people who are still living with the regret of opting for Pathology.
>
>     Author: Anonymous Pathologist

* Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology (ADASP)

<http://www.adasp.org/>

* Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology (ADASP)

<http://www.adasp.org/>

## Pathology Associations

* Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology (ADASP)

<http://www.adasp.org/>


# Diagnosis, accuracy, interobserver and intraobserver reliability

## Diagnosis, accuracy, interobserver and intraobserver reliability

* Pathologists’ diagnosis of invasive melanoma and melanocytic proliferations: observer accuracy and reproducibility study

<https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/357/bmj.j2813.full.pdf>

<https://twitter.com/BenMazer/status/1012301951038615552>

* Morphologists overestimate the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio

<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cncy.21735>

* Pathologists’ diagnosis of invasive melanoma and melanocytic proliferations: observer accuracy and reproducibility study

<https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/357/bmj.j2813.full.pdf>

<https://twitter.com/BenMazer/status/1012301951038615552>

* Morphologists overestimate the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio

<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cncy.21735>

## Diagnosis, accuracy, interobserver and intraobserver reliability

* Pathologists’ diagnosis of invasive melanoma and melanocytic proliferations: observer accuracy and reproducibility study

<https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/357/bmj.j2813.full.pdf>

<https://twitter.com/BenMazer/status/1012301951038615552>

* Morphologists overestimate the nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio

<https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/cncy.21735>


# Pathology News

## Pathology News

## Pathology News

* Fake pathologist for Germanwings air crash victims on trial

<https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47646233>

* The pathologist and 'the inventor': How a Columbia doctor helped take down Theranos

<https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/local/the-pathologist-and-the-inventor-how-a-columbia-doctor-helped/article_104c6ea6-4f95-11e9-9990-7f4968a10912.html>

*
* Fake pathologist for Germanwings air crash victims on trial

<https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47646233>

* The pathologist and 'the inventor': How a Columbia doctor helped take down Theranos

<https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/local/the-pathologist-and-the-inventor-how-a-columbia-doctor-helped/article_104c6ea6-4f95-11e9-9990-7f4968a10912.html>

* \---# Pathology News
* Fake pathologist for Germanwings air crash victims on trial

<https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47646233>

* The pathologist and 'the inventor': How a Columbia doctor helped take down Theranos

<https://www.columbiamissourian.com/news/local/the-pathologist-and-the-inventor-how-a-columbia-doctor-helped/article_104c6ea6-4f95-11e9-9990-7f4968a10912.html>

* **Pathology of Infectious Diseases**
* Zika Virus Vaccines — A Full Field and Looking for the Closers

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcibr1701402>

* Why do we call it that? Backstories of seven disease names

<https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/24/etymology-disease-names/>

* <http://www.ivcc.com/news-and-media/blog/o-million-murdering-death-i-know-this-little-thing-a-myriad-men-will-save-sir>
* 66 yaşındaki bu hasta aşı olmasına rağmen Pertussis (Boğmaca) olmuş. Öksürmekten kaburgası kırılmış. Aşı yaptırmama "modası" devam ettikçe kim bilir bu gibi durumlar ne kadar yaygınlaşacak:

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1701940>

* A Neglected Epidemic

Tuberculosis

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1714609?query=TOC>

* Zika Virus Vaccines — A Full Field and Looking for the Closers

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcibr1701402>

* Why do we call it that? Backstories of seven disease names

<https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/24/etymology-disease-names/>

* <http://www.ivcc.com/news-and-media/blog/o-million-murdering-death-i-know-this-little-thing-a-myriad-men-will-save-sir>
* 66 yaşındaki bu hasta aşı olmasına rağmen Pertussis (Boğmaca) olmuş. Öksürmekten kaburgası kırılmış. Aşı yaptırmama "modası" devam ettikçe kim bilir bu gibi durumlar ne kadar yaygınlaşacak:

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1701940>

* A Neglected Epidemic

Tuberculosis

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1714609?query=TOC>

* Zika Virus Vaccines — A Full Field and Looking for the Closers

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMcibr1701402>

* Why do we call it that? Backstories of seven disease names

<https://www.statnews.com/2017/10/24/etymology-disease-names/>

* <http://www.ivcc.com/news-and-media/blog/o-million-murdering-death-i-know-this-little-thing-a-myriad-men-will-save-sir>
* 66 yaşındaki bu hasta aşı olmasına rağmen Pertussis (Boğmaca) olmuş. Öksürmekten kaburgası kırılmış. Aşı yaptırmama "modası" devam ettikçe kim bilir bu gibi durumlar ne kadar yaygınlaşacak:

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMicm1701940>

* A Neglected Epidemic

Tuberculosis

<http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMe1714609?query=TOC>




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